Notes in L42 Bone &b Joints IV

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Published	09/12/2023	What HLA subtype is associated with seronegative arthropathies? {{c1::B27}}
Published	09/12/2023	The articular surface of adjoining bones is made of {{c1::hyaline}} cartilage (type {{c2::II}} collagen), surrounded by a joint capsule
Published	09/12/2023	The synovium lining of joint capsules secrete fluid rich in {{c1::hyaluronic acid}} to lubricate the joint and facilitate smooth motion
Published	09/12/2023	What is the most common type of arthritis? {{c1::Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which joint pathology is caused by a progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, most often due to "wear and tear"?{{c1::Osteoarthritis (degenera…
Published	09/12/2023	The major risk factor for osteoarthritis is {{c1::age (> 60)}}; additional risk factors include obesity, joint trauma, and female gender
Published	09/12/2023	What gender is more commonly affected by osteoarthritis?{{c1::Females}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which finger/hand joints are affected in osteoarthritis? {{c1::PIPs, DIPs, and 1st CMC::3}}
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis classically presents with joint stiffness that improves with {{c1::rest}}
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis often presents with pain in {{c1::weight-bearing}} joints after use (e.g. hip, knees, lower lumbar spine)
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis is characterized by fragments of cartilage floating in the joint space, called "{{c1::joint mice}}"
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Osteoarthritis}} is characterized by {{c1::eburnation (polishing)}} of the subchondral bone
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis is characterized by {{c1::osteophyte}} formation, which are reactive bony outgrowths
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis is characterized by joint space narrowing and osteophytes on imaging? {{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Does osteoarthritis present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? {{c1::Asymmetric}}
Published	09/12/2023	Does osteoarthritis present with systemic symptoms (e.g. fever, fatigue)? {{c1::No}}
Published	09/12/2023	Knee cartilage loss in osteoarthritis begins {{c1::medially}} ("bowlegged")
Published	09/12/2023	Pain management for osteoarthritis includes acetaminophen, {{c1::NSAIDs}}, {{c3::Celecoxib}} and/or intra-articular {{c2::glucocorticoids}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which joint pathology is caused by a synovitis leading to formation of a pannus (inflamed granulation tissue)?{{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with synovitis with formation of a {{c1::pannus}}, which is proliferative granulation tissue
Published	09/12/2023	What demographic is associated with rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Women of late childbearing age::age, gender}}
Published	09/12/2023	Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis include HLA-{{c1::DR4}}, smoking, and silica exposure
Published	09/12/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis classically presents with joint stiffness that improves with {{c1::activity}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which finger/hand joints are affected in rheumatoid arthritis? {{c1::PIPs, MCP, and wrist::3}}
Published	09/12/2023	Does rheumatoid arthritis present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? {{c1::Symmetric}}
Published	09/12/2023	Does rheumatoid arthritis present with systemic symptoms (e.g. fever, fatigue)? {{c1::Yes}}
Published	09/12/2023	This image is an example of a "{{c1::swan neck}}" deformity, which is most commonly associated with {{c2::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	This image is an example of a "{{c1::boutonniere}}" deformity, which is most commonly associated with Rheumatoid arthritis
Published	09/12/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis may present with {{c1::ulnar}} finger deviation and {{c1::radial}} wrist deviation
Published	09/12/2023	One complication of long standing rheumatoid arthritis is {{c1::subluxation}} of the {{c2::cervical}} spine
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis is characterized by joint space narrowing, erosions, and osteopenia on imaging? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with {{c1::rheumatoid nodules}}, which are areas of {{c2::fibrinoid necrosis}} with palisading histiocytes in the s…
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Felty}} syndrome is {{c3::rheumatoid arthritis}} with {{c2::neutropenia}} and {{c2::splenomegaly}}
Published	09/12/2023	What type of amyloidosis is associated with rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Secondary (AA) amyloidosis}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c3::Rheumatoid factor}} is an {{c2::IgM}} autoantibody against {{c1::Fc portion of IgG}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)}} antibody is specific for {{c2::rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, classically involves the PIPs and DIPs? {{c1::Osteoarthritis (also the 1st CMC)}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by non-inflammatory synovial fluid (WBC < 2000/mm3)? {{c1::Osteoarthritis…
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, improves with rest? {{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, classically involves the PIPs and MCP? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, is characterized by inflammatory synovial fluid (WBC > 5000/mm3)? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthrit…
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, improves with use? {{c1::Rheumatoid arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Heberden nodes refers to bony swellings in the {{c1::distal interphalangeal (DIP)}} joints
Published	09/12/2023	Bouchard nodes refers to bony swellings in the {{c1::proximal interphalangeal (PIP)}} joints
Published	09/12/2023	Are Heberden and Bouchard nodes seen with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis? {{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Seronegative spondyloarthropathies}} are a group of joint disorders that lack rheumatoid factor and involve the axial skeleton
Published	09/12/2023	Seronegative spondyloarthropathies are associated with HLA-{{c1::B27}}
Published	09/12/2023	The seronegative spondyloarthropathies may be remembered with the mnemonic "PAIR" P: {{c1::Psoriatic arthritis}}A: {{c2::Ankylosing spondylitis}}I: {{…
Published	09/12/2023	Seronegative spondyloarthropathies may present with inflammatory back pain that {{c1::improves}} with exercise
Published	09/12/2023	What eye pathology is associated with seronegative spondyloathropathies?{{c1::Uveitis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Ankylosing spondylitis involves the spine and {{c1::sacroiliac}} joints
Published	09/12/2023	What demographic is associated with ankylosing spondylitis?{{c1::Young adult males::age, gender}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Ankylosing spondylitis}} is characterized by a "{{c1::bamboo spine}}" appearance on X-ray
Published	09/12/2023	Extra-articular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis include {{c1::uveitis}} and {{c2::aortic regurgitation (due to aortitis)}}
Published	09/12/2023	Reactive arthritis is characterized by a triad of {{c1::conjunctivitis}}, {{c2::urethritis}}, and {{c3::arthritis}}, with patients often also having {…
Published	09/12/2023	Reactive arthritis classically arises in young adults after a {{c1::GI}} tract or {{c2::Chlamydia trachomatis}} infection
Published	09/12/2023	Is reactive arthritis characterized by sterile or septic synovial fluid? {{c1::Sterile}}
Published	09/12/2023	What joint pathology is associated with skin psoriasis and nail lesions?{{c1::Psoriatic arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Psoriatic arthritis most commonly involves the {{c1::DIP}} joints of the hands and feet
Published	09/12/2023	Psoriatic arthritis is associated with "{{c1::sausage}}" fingers and toes
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Psoriatic}} arthritis is associated with a "{{c1::pencil-in-cup}}" deformity on X-ray
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Septic (infectious)}} arthritis is due to an infectious agent, usually bacterial
Published	09/12/2023	What is the most common cause of septic arthritis in young adults?{{c1::Neisseria gonorrhoeae}}
Published	09/12/2023	What bacteria typically causes septic arthritis in older children and adults? {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	09/12/2023	Septic arthritis classically presents as a single red, swollen, and painful joint; usually the {{c1::knee}}
Published	09/12/2023	What cause of arthritis presents with purulent synovial fluid (WBC > 50,000/mm3)?{{c1::Septic (infectious) arthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Gonococcal}} arthritis may present with a triad of polyarthralgia, {{c2::tenosynovitis}}, and {{c3::dermatitis}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Gout}} is caused by deposition of {{c1::monosodium urate (MSU)}} crystals in tissues, especially the joints
Published	09/12/2023	Is gout more common in males or females?{{c1::Males}}
Published	09/12/2023	Gout is associated with hyper-{{c1::uricemia}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c1::Primary}} gout is caused by an unknown etiology (most common)
Published	09/12/2023	Gout may occur secondary to leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders due to increased cell {{c1::turnover}}
Published	09/12/2023	Gout may occur secondary to {{c1::Lesch-Nyhan}} syndrome due to inability to salvage purines
Published	09/12/2023	What glycogen storage disorder is a cause of secondary gout? {{c1::von Gierke disease}}
Published	09/12/2023	Gout may occur secondary to {{c1::renal}} insufficiency, due to decreased ability to excrete uric acid
Published	09/12/2023	Does gout present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? {{c1::Asymmetric}}
Published	09/12/2023	Acute gout classically presents as a painful MTP joint of the {{c1::big toe (podagra)}}
Published	09/12/2023	Deposition of MSU crystals (gout) results in activation of {{c1::neutrophils}}
Published	09/12/2023	Acute gout may occur with {{c1::alcohol}} consumption due to competition for the same excretion site in the kidney as uric acid
Published	09/12/2023	Acute gout may occur with {{c1::red meat}} or seafood consumption, which are foods rich in purines
Published	09/12/2023	Chronic gout leads to {{c1::tophus}} formation, which are white, chalky aggregates of uric acid crystals
Published	09/12/2023	Tophi, secondary to gout, often arise on the {{c1::external ear}}, olecranon bursa, or Achilles tendon
Published	09/12/2023	Chronic gout may lead to {{c1::renal failure}} due to deposition of urate crystals in kidney tubules (urate nephropathy)
Published	09/12/2023	{{c3::Gout}} is characterized by {{c2::needle}}-shaped crystals with {{c1::negative}} birefringence under polarized light (seen synovial fluid)
Published	09/12/2023	What color are MSU crystals (gout) when under parallel light? {{c1::Yellow}}
Published	09/12/2023	What color are MSU crystals (gout) when under perpendicular light? {{c1::Blue}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Pseudogout}} is caused by deposition of {{c1::calcium pyrophosphate}} crystals in tissues, especially the joints
Published	09/12/2023	Is pseudogout more common in males or females?{{c1::Both genders affected equally}}
Published	09/12/2023	What GI pathology may be associated with pseudogout?{{c1::Hemochromatosis}}
Published	09/12/2023	What endocrine pathology may be associated with pseudogout?{{c1::Hyperparathyroidism}}
Published	09/12/2023	What joint is most commonly affected by pseudogout?{{c1::Knee}}
Published	09/12/2023	Pseudogout may present on X-ray with cartilage {{c1::calcification (chondrocalcinosis)}}
Published	09/12/2023	{{c3::Pseudogout}} is characterized by {{c2::rhomboid}}-shaped crystals with {{c1::weakly positive}} birefringence under polarized light (seen synovia…
Published	09/12/2023	What color are calcium pyrophosphate crystals (pseudogout) when under parallel light? {{c1::Blue}}
Published	09/12/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a young male with dyspnea on exertion accompanied by chronic lower back pain that is worse at night and improves with …
Published	09/12/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult male that presents with diffuse enthesitis and lower back pain? The lower back pain is worse at night an…
Published	09/12/2023	Spondyloarthropathies associated with HLA-B27 may be remembered with mnemonic "PAIR":P: {{c1::Psoriasis}} A: {{c1::Ankylosing spondylitis}}I: {{c1::In…
Published	09/12/2023	What imaging modality is initially used to diagnose ankylosing spondylitis?{{c1::X-ray (of sacroiliac joints)}}
Published	09/12/2023	What is the most common finding on cervical radiography in patients with cervical spondylosis?{{c1::Osteophytes}}
Published	09/12/2023	Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis will be prescribed therapy to reduce {{c1::inflammation}}
Published	09/12/2023	Atlantoaxial instability may be seen in patients with {{c1::down}} syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis
Published	09/12/2023	Can morning stiffness be experienced in patients with osteoarthritis?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	09/12/2023	Ankylosing spondylitis can cause {{c2::restrictive}} lung disease due to limited {{c1::chest wall}} expansion
Published	09/12/2023	Many patients with ankylosing spondylitis develop peripheral arthritis and {{c1::enthesitis}} (inflammation at tendon insertion into a bone)
Published	09/12/2023	Young male with lower back pain and morning stiffness that improves with use is suggestive of {{c1::ankylosing spondylitis::diagnosis}}
Published	09/12/2023	Young man with vertebral fusion (bamboo spine) causing back pain and anterior uveitis is suggestive of {{c1::ankylosing spondylitis::condition}}
Published	09/12/2023	Ankylosing spondylitis = {{c1::↑}} risk of vertebral fracture
Published	09/12/2023	The seronegative spondyloarthropathies may be remembered with the mnemonic "PAIR" P: {{c1::Psoriatic arthritis}}A: {{c1::Ankylosing spondylitis}}I: {{…
Published	09/12/2023	{{c2::Ankylosing spondylitis}} is characterized by a "{{c1::bamboo spine}}" appearance on X-ray.
Published	09/12/2023	What is the likely cause of dyspnea in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?{{c1::Limited chest and spinal mobility}}
Published	09/12/2023	Advanced rheumatoid arthritis may cause {{c1::fibrous ankylosis}} (near-fused joints) and {{c1::pannus}} (fibrovascular synovial hyperplasia…
Published	09/12/2023	Systemic inflammation in RA may present with {{c1::interstitial lung fibrosis::lung}}, {{c1::pericarditis::heart}}, {{c1::vas…
Published	09/12/2023	Which HLA is associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathies?{{c1::HLA-B27}}
Published	09/12/2023	What is the area of bone that lies beneath articular cartilage?{{c1::Subchondral bone plate (provides smooth surface for joint gliding)}}
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis starts as a result of the release of {{c1::cytokines}} from {{c2::chondrocytes}}, which exacerbates the inflammation via a po…
Published	09/12/2023	Osteoarthritis may present with a {{c1::pannus}}, characterized by inflamed granulation tissue inside the joint capsule
Published	09/12/2023	In osteoarthritis, activated chondrocytes release {{c1::Matrix Metalloproteins (MMP)}}, which induces destruction of {{c2::ECM cartilage::ti…
Published	09/12/2023	Which arthritis is due to cycles of chronic local inflammation that induces chondrocytes to release MMPs & cytokines?{{c1::Osteoarthritis}}
Published	09/12/2023	What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with irregular joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subcondral sclerosis, and subchondral cysts?{{c1::Osteoar…
Published	09/12/2023	Examination findings of {{c2::osteoarthritis}} may include enlarged joints, {{c1::crepitus::sound}} with movement, and {{c1::decreased:…
Published	09/12/2023	Rheumatoid arthritis is a type {{c1::III}} hypersensitivity reaction
Published	09/12/2023	What musculoskeletal pathology is significantly more prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Osteopenia/osteoporosis}}
Published	09/12/2023	X-ray that reveals subchondral cysts, periarticular osteopenia and joint margin erosions is suggestive of {{c1::rheumato…
Published	09/12/2023	In RA, macrophages, pathogens, and synovial tissue express {{c2::peptidylarginine deaminase}}, which converts {{c3::arginine}} residues&nbsp…
Published	09/12/2023	Exposure to citrullinated antigens (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis causes {{c1::CD4+ helper T}} cells to infiltrate joint…
Published	09/12/2023	What is the etiology of a stiff, immobile neck in rheumatoid arthritis?{{c1::Fusion of cervical vertebral facets (ankylosis)}}
Published	09/12/2023	When is the joint pain and stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis the worst?{{c1::In the morning (typically lasts > 1 hour)}}
Status	Last Update	Fields