Notes in 01 Bleeding Disorders and Hypercoagulation

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Published	12/13/2023	In addition to central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin (DDAVP) may be used to treat {{c1::von Willebrand disease}}, which is associated with increase…
Published	12/13/2023	Which clotting factors are inactivated by low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)? Mostly {{c1::factor Xa}}, but also {{c1::IIa (thrombin)}}, {{c1::IXa}}…
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Lupus anticoagulant}} is an antiphospholipid antibody that results in a falsely elevated {{c2::PTT}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hemophilia A = {{c1::X-linked::inheritance pattern}} {{c2::clotting factor 8::gene}} defecthemophilia B = {{c1::X-linked::inheritance pattern}} {{c2::…
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::DDAVP::drug}} causes release of vWF from endothelial cells and platelets. This is useful in treating type {{c2::I and II (but not IIB or II…
Published	12/13/2023	In the coagulation cascade, the intrinsic pathway is triggered by {{c1::sub-endothelial collagen}}
Published	12/13/2023	Lupus anticoagulant {{c1::prolongs}} clotting in vitro, but {{c1::promotes}} clotting in vivo
Published	12/13/2023	Factor XI deficiency usually presents with {{c1::mild::mild or severe}} bleeding
Published	12/13/2023	In addition to central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin (DDAVP) may be used to treat {{c1::hemophilia A}}, which is associated with hemarthrosis and p…
Published	12/13/2023	Disorders of primary hemostasis are divided into {{c1::qualitative}} and {{c1::quantitative}} disorders
Published	12/13/2023	Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of mucosal bleeding, such as {{c1::epistaxis}} (most common overall symptom)
Published	12/13/2023	Quantitative disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of skin bleeding, such as {{c1::petechiae}} (1-2 mm)
Published	12/13/2023	Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of skin bleeding, such as {{c1::purpura}} (> 3 mm)
Published	12/13/2023	Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of skin bleeding, such as {{c1::ecchymoses}} (>1 cm)
Published	12/13/2023	Disorders of primary hemostasis present with symptoms of skin bleeding, such as easy {{c1::bruising}}
Published	12/13/2023	Immune thrombocytopenic purpura presents with {{c1::decreased}} platelet count
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Microangiopathic hemolytic}} anemia occurs when RBCs are "sheared" as they cross {{c2::microthrombi}}
Published	12/13/2023	In TTP, large, uncleaved vWF multimers lead to increased platelet {{c1::adhesion}} with consequent {{c2::microthrombi}} formation
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Prothrombin time (PT)}} measures the {{c2::extrinsic}} and common pathways of the coagulation cascade
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)}} measures the {{c2::intrinsic}} and common pathways of the coagulation cascade
Published	12/13/2023	Which test is used to follow the effects of heparin? {{c1::PTT::PT or PTT}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which coagulation factor(s) are part of the extrinsic coagulation cascade? {{c1::Factor VII}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which coagulation factor(s) are part of the intrinsic coagulation cascade? {{c1::Factor 12, 11, 9, 8}}
Published	12/13/2023	Factor X of the coagulation cascade may be activated by factor {{c1::VIIa}} (extrinsic pathway)
Published	12/13/2023	Factor II (prothrombin) is activated to thrombin by factor {{c1::Xa}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Tissue factor}} activates factor {{c2::VII}}, which initiates the {{c2::extrinsic}} pathway of the coagulation cascade
Published	12/13/2023	Hemophilia {{c1::A}} is a coagulation disorder due to a genetic factor {{c2::VIII}} deficiency
Published	12/13/2023	What is the mode of inheritance of hemophilia A? {{c1::X-linked recessive}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which coagulation disorder presents with recurrent hemarthroses, spontaneous / easy bruising, and bleeding after surgery? {{c1::Hemophilia (A, B, C)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hemophilia {{c1::B (Christmas disease)}} is a coagulation disorder due to a genetic factor {{c2::IX}} deficiency
Published	12/13/2023	What is the mode of inheritance of hemophilia B? {{c1::X-linked recessive}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hemophilia {{c1::C}} is a coagulation disorder due to a genetic factor {{c2::XI}} deficiency
Published	12/13/2023	What is the mode of inheritance of hemophilia C? {{c1::Autosomal recessive}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Von Willebrand disease}} is characterized by a genetic vWF deficiency
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common inherited bleeding/coagulation disorder? {{c1::von Willebrand disease}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the mode of inheritance of the most common subtype of von Willebrand disease? {{c1::Autosomal dominant}}
Published	12/13/2023	The most common subtype of von Willebrand disease presents with {{c1::decreased}} vWF levels
Published	12/13/2023	von Willebrand disease typically presents with mild {{c1::mucosal::location}} and {{c1::skin::location}} bleeding
Published	12/13/2023	Low vWF in von Willebrand disease impairs platelet {{c1::adhesion}}
Published	12/13/2023	Von Willebrand disease presents with {{c1::increased}} bleeding time
Published	12/13/2023	Von Willebrand disease presents with {{c1::normal}} platelet count
Published	12/13/2023	Von Willebrand disease presents with {{c1::normal}} PT and {{c1::normal or increased}} PTT
Published	12/13/2023	Why may PTT be elevated in von Willebrand disease? {{c1::Decreased factor VIII half-life (vWF normally stabilizes factor VIII)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which coagulation factors have decreased activity due to vitamin K deficiency? {{c1::2, 7, 9, 10::4}}
Published	12/13/2023	Vitamin K deficiency presents with {{c1::increased}} PT and {{c1::increased (in severe cases)}} PTT
Published	12/13/2023	Factor X of the coagulation cascade may be activated by factor {{c1::IXa}} with factor {{c1::VIIIa}} as a cofactor (intrinsic pathway)
Published	12/13/2023	Antithrombin III {{c1::inactivates::activates or inactivates}} thrombin and coagulation factors
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Factor V Leiden}} is a mutated form of factor V that is resistant to degradation by activated {{c2::protein C}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the most common inherited cause of hypercoagulable state in White populations? {{c1::Factor V Leiden}}
Published	12/13/2023	What coagulation factors are inhibited by antithrombin? {{c1::2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12::6}}
Published	12/13/2023	What coagulation factors are the principal targets of antithrombin? {{c1::IIa (thrombin) and Xa::2}}
Published	12/13/2023	What is the effect of oral contraceptives on coagulability? {{c1::Increases coaguability}}
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Microangiopathic hemolytic}} anemia occurs due to damage of RBCs as they pass through obstructed or narrowed vessels (e.g. due to microthrombi)
Published	12/13/2023	What skin finding is associated with thrombocytopenia and/or decreased platelet function? {{c1::Petechiae}}
Published	12/13/2023	Which clotting factors are inactivated by unfractionated heparin? {{c1::Thrombin (IIa) and factor Xa}}
Published	12/13/2023	What class of drugs can treat acquired hemophilia from anti-factor 8 antibodies? {{c1::Corticosteroids}}
Published	12/13/2023	Severe hemorrhage in vWF disease is treated with IV normal saline and {{c1::cryoprecipitate (thawed FFP)}}
Published	12/13/2023	Hemophilia A, B, and C disrupt which coagulation pathway?{{c1::Intrinsic coagulation pathway}}
Published	12/13/2023	Pregnancy, OCPs, smoking, and immobilization increase the risk for {{c1::thrombosis::complication}} in Factor V Leiden
Published	12/13/2023	Factor V Leiden is a(n) {{c1::autosomal dominant::inheritance pattern}} disorder of {{c2::venous}} thrombosis due to increased generation of thro…
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Severe}} Hemophilia presents with {{c2::spontaneous}} bleeding into joints/muscles, and {{c3::does require}} prophylaxis
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Moderate}} Hemophilia presents with {{c2::some spontaneous}} bleeding into joints/muscles, and {{c3::does NOT require}} prophylaxis
Published	12/13/2023	{{c1::Mild}} Hemophilia presents with {{c2::NO spontaneous}} bleeding into joints/muscles, and {{c3::does NOT require}} prophylaxis
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