Notes in Modified Release Dosage Forms

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Published	11/06/2023	Modified Release Dosage Forms Slides 4 and 6modified by {{c1::time}}, {{c1::rate}}, or {{c1::location}} of drug releaseexamples{{c2::extended}}-releas…
Published	11/06/2023	Other Terms used for Modified Release Slide 6{{c1::Extended}}-action {{c1::Sustained}}-action {{c1::Prolonged}}-action {{c1::Repeat}}-a…
Published	11/06/2023	Terminology Slide 7Prolonged: released over an {{c1::extended amount of time}}Sustained: releases a {{c1::loading dose}} first, followed by {{c1::slow…
Published	11/06/2023	Pharmacokinetics vs Pharmacodynamics Slide 9Pharmacokinetics{{c1::absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion + time}}Pharmacodynamics{{c1::ef…
Published	11/06/2023	Drug Release and Therapeutic Effectsdrugs can only be {{c1::absorbed}} when {{c1::released and dissolved}} in biological fluidsdrugs {{c1::cannot&nbsp…
Published	11/06/2023	Conditions for Drug Actiondrug must be {{c1::absorbed}} after it is {{c1::dissolved}} or {{c1::in solution}}drug must exert its effect via {{c1::molec…
Published	11/06/2023	In Vitro vs In Vivo Slide 12in vivo = {{c1::in organism/organ system}}in vitro = {{c1::in glass}}
Published	11/06/2023	Drug Release and Drug Blood Concentration ProfileImmediate ReleaseIn Vitro: {{c1::large inital release followed by non-changing concentration over tim…
Published	11/06/2023	Modifed Release Products and Routes of Administration Slide 15OralConventional: {{c1::marked by initial increase over time and decrease over time due …
Published	11/06/2023	Pharmacological Effects Slide 16constant effectdue to {{c1::constant concentration over time}}periodic effectdue to {{c1::periodic increases in concen…
Published	11/06/2023	Pharmacokinetics of Zero Order Release Kinetics Slide 17ke : {{c1::rate constant of elimination}} Vd : {{c1::Volume of distribution}} Cpss : {{c1::Ste…
Published	11/06/2023	What Determines Input Rate?{{c2::Dosage Forms}}control the {{c1::amount of drug available}} for absorption-solubility, dissolution rate{{c2::Biologica…
Published	11/06/2023	Extended-Release Dosage Form Therapeutic Implications Slide 19Ideally should release based on the {{c1::clinical needs}}, often {{c1::constant rate}}&…
Published	11/06/2023	Delayed-Release Dosage Form Slide 20drug is released in {{c1::parts at a time}} or at {{c1::any time other than immediately}} after administrationcan …
Published	11/06/2023	Targeted Delivery Systems Slide 21A dosage form or delivery system that releases the drug {{c1::at or near the site of action.}}Drug release can …
Published	11/06/2023	Immediate Release Product Characteristics Slide 22{{c1::Fast release}} of active ingredients for absorption{{c1::Rapid}} absorption {{c1::Fast}} …
Published	11/06/2023	PK Rationale for Modified Release Dosage Form{{c1::Conventional}} Deliveryrequires additional dose to maintain optimal drug plasma level{{c1::Controll…
Published	11/06/2023	Conventional vs Sustained Release Dosage FormsSustained Dosage Forms {{c1::remain in the optimal plasma concentration range longer}} and do not requir…
Published	11/06/2023	The Goal for Modified-release dosage forms is to maintain a plasma concentration that is {{c1::above}} the minimum effective concentration and {{c1::b…
Published	11/06/2023	Steady State Slide 27when {{c1::release rate}} = {{c1::excretion rate}}the rate of drug {{c1::going in}} is equivalent to the rate {{c1::going out}}ke…
Published	11/06/2023	The Plasma Concentration at the {{c1::Steady State}} is {{c1::between the MTC and MEC}} Slide 28
Published	11/06/2023	Release Rate vs Elimination Rate Slide 29Release Rate (R) = {{c1::Steady State Conc. (Cpss)}} x {{c1::Clearance (VDxkel) }}Input Rate = {{c1::Ste…
Published	11/06/2023	Modes of Input (Slide 30){{c1::infusion}}{{c1::constant release in/on tissues}}{{c1::constant release in GI}}
Published	11/06/2023	Intraveneous Input Slide 31for the {{c1::hospitalized}} or {{c1::critically ill}}not suitable for drugs with {{c1::extravascular therapeutic agents}}o…
Published	11/06/2023	Goals of Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systemdeliver and maintain {{c1::adequate amounts}} of drug in the {{c1::site of action}} at a {{c1::predeterm…
Published	11/06/2023	Benefits of Modified Release Dosage Forms Slide 34Achieve constant or optimum {{c1::blood levels}}Minimize {{c1::side effects}}Overcome {{c1…
Published	11/07/2023	Requirements for Modified Releasemore {{c1::careful monitoring}} of the patientmore {{c1::patient education}} due to the more complicated drug design
Published	11/07/2023	Do we need Constant Plasma Levels in all Situations? Slide 36-38controlled releaseconcentration of drug in plasma is proportional to the {{c1::concent…
Published	11/07/2023	Ideal vs. Reality Slide 38ideally, it would be nice to prevent any potential problems and to ensure that the pharmacodynamic response is maximalin pra…
Published	11/07/2023	Critical Factors in Design of Modified-Release Dosage Forms Slide 39Therapeutic outcomes{{c1::Maximize pharmacological/therapeutic effects}}{{c1::Mini…
Published	11/07/2023	Kinetics of Extended-Release Dosage FormsRelease kinetics {{c1::output from delivery systems}}Absorption kinetics{{c1::input for the biological system…
Published	11/07/2023	Mechanisms of Drug Release{{c1::On Demand}} Release{{c1::Zero}} Order Release{{c1::First}} Order Release{{c1::Square Root}} of Tim…
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Published	11/07/2023	IV Infusion uses {{c1::zero order}} input (Slide 46)
Published	11/07/2023	Amount of Drug Required for Extended Release Dosage FormsDT = {{c1::DI + DM = DI + R x t}}DT = {{c1::total dose}} = {{c1::DI + DM}}DI =…
Published	11/07/2023	What is the Rate of Drug Release for Extended Release Dosage Forms? Slide 49need equation for math problems Slides 50-55determined by {{c1::Rate of El…
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