Notes in WEEK 105 LOs: Lymph system - Swelling

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Published	10/05/2024	What are obligate pathogens?
Published	10/05/2024	What are opportunistic pathogens?
Published	10/05/2024	List 5 types of pathogens
Published	10/05/2024	List 4 ways to detect a micro-organism
Published	10/05/2024	When is the ideal time to take a blood culture?
Published	10/05/2024	A gram positive bacteria has no {{c1::outer membrane}} and has a thick {{c1::peptidoglycan}} layer, staining {{c1::blue/purple}}A gram negative bacter…
Published	10/05/2024	Why can nucleic acid detection testing be done after a patient has taken antibiotics?
Published	10/05/2024	List 3 clinically important gram-positive cocci pathogens
Published	10/05/2024	Gram-positive cocciStaphylococci live {{c1::on the skin}}, Streptococci live {{c1::in the nose, mouth, and throat}}, Enterococci live {{c1::in the bow…
Published	10/05/2024	What is one of the most important pathogens under the staphylococci group that lives on the skin? What type of infection does it cause?
Published	10/05/2024	Streptococci can present as chains like in streptococcus {{c1::pyogenes}} or as pairs like in streptococcus {{c1::pneumoniae}}
Published	10/05/2024	Streptococcus pyogenes is a group A streptococcus that can cause which infections?
Published	10/05/2024	What is the diplococci of the streptococcus family that causes pneumonia and meningitis?
Published	10/05/2024	Why is Escherichia coli (e. coli) considered a coliform?
Published	10/05/2024	E. coli is a gram-{{c1::negative}}, {{c1::rod}}-shaped, facultative {{c1::anaerobic}} coliform bacterium
Published	10/05/2024	Like e. coli, Klebsiella is also a gram-neg and rod-shaped bacterium found in the GI tract. Both of these bowel flora commonly cause which infection?
Published	10/05/2024	Some common bacteria that fall under the Enterobacterales family include
Published	10/05/2024	Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram neg bacterium normally found in the environment. It is considered to be an...?
Published	10/05/2024	Neisseria {{c1::meningitidis}} and Neisseria {{c1::gonorrhoeae}} are both gram {{c1::negative}}, diplococci that cause meningitis & gonorrhoea&nbs…
Published	10/05/2024	Clostridiodes difficile (C. diff) is gram-{{c1::positive}} {{c1::bacillus}} and part of the normal flora of the gut, commonly transmitted in hospital …
Published	10/05/2024	A patient presents with erythema and swelling of right lower leg, site is painful and warm. Recent insect bite to ankle. Possible infection name and b…
Published	10/05/2024	27 y/o female patient presents with dysuria (painful urination) and frequency. Possible diagnosis and pathogen associated?
Published	10/05/2024	23 y/o male presents with a 6-day history of severe abdominal pain and vomting. Has progressed to rigid abdomen and high fever. Possible diagnosis and…
Published	10/05/2024	50 y/o smoker presents with SOB and cough with rusty sputum. Temp 38.7, RR 32, O2 stats 86%. Possible diagnosis and pathogen associated?
Published	10/07/2024	Trauma causes tissue damage, leading to {{c1::localized}} inflammation and accumulation of {{c1::fluid (edema)}}, which can result in swelling.
Published	10/07/2024	Signs of Acute Inflaamation Inlcude:A) Pain & SwellingB) Heat & RednessC) Loss of Function D) All of the Above
Published	10/07/2024	What are the common causes of a swollen limb?
Published	10/07/2024	The primary concern with unilateral lower limb swelling is {{c1::deep vein thrombosis (DVT)}}, which can lead to a life-threatening pulmonary {{c1::em…
Published	10/07/2024	There are {{c1::three}} layers to the immune system.
Published	10/07/2024	There are three main causes of inflammation. These include: {{c1::infection}} (hint: pathogens), {{c1::trauma}} (hint: ) and {{c1::allergy}} (hint: se…
Published	10/07/2024	The primary goal is to prevent the {{c1::transmission}} of infections to patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.
Published	10/07/2024	Standard {{c1::infection}} control precautions (SICPs) are basic measures applied at all times in healthcare settings to {{c1::prevent}} the spread of…
Published	10/07/2024	Hand hygiene is essential to {{c1::remove}} transient {{c1::microorganisms}} from the hands and prevent the spread of infections.
Published	10/07/2024	The three types of transmission-based precautions include are {{c1::contact}}, {{c1::droplet}}, and {{c1::airborne}}, depending on the mode of transmi…
Published	10/07/2024	What is the most effective way to prevent the transmission of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?A. Hand hygieneB. Wearing glovesC. Using antibio…
Published	10/07/2024	Which of the following is a transmission-based precaution?A. Wearing a gown for every patientB. Hand hygiene after each patient contactC. Airborne iso…
Published	10/07/2024	Which infection is most likely to require droplet precautions?A. TuberculosisB. COVID-19C. MRSAD. InfluenzaE. Clostridium difficile
Published	10/07/2024	Infection control is vital in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of {{c1::healthcare-associated}} infections.
Published	10/07/2024	What is the minimum level of PPE required for contact precautions?A. GlovesB. Gloves and gownC. Gloves, gown, and face maskD. Gloves, gown, face mask,…
Published	10/07/2024	Which of the following is a key principle of infection control when dealing with sharp instruments?A. Recap needles before disposalB. Use blunt needle…
Published	10/07/2024	Hand hygiene must be performed before and after {{c1::contact}} with each patient.
Published	10/07/2024	Transmission-based precautions are used in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected {{c1::communicable}} infect…
Published	10/07/2024	{{c1::Droplet}} precautions are needed for infections that spread via respiratory droplets, such as influenza.
Published	10/07/2024	Name an inflammatory condition that can lead to limb swelling.
Published	10/07/2024	Abscesses form when a {{c1::pathogen}} deposites in the tissue and begins to multiply. Upon infiltration, blood vessels {{c1::dilate}} (Hint: constric…
Published	10/07/2024	Which of the following are phagocytes?:A) MacrophagesB) NeutrophilsC) EosinophilsD) NK cells E) Dentritic cellsF) BasophilsG) Mast cells
Published	10/07/2024	Which of the following are degranulating cells?:A) MacrophagesB) NeutrophilsC) EosinophilsD) NK cells E) Dentritic cellsF) BasophilsG) Mast cells
Published	10/10/2024	Antibiotics can be bacteriostatic meaning they {{c1::inhibit multiplication}} or bactericidal meaning they {{c1::kill bacteria}}
Published	10/10/2024	An antiobiotic should have selective toxicity with a low minum inhibitory concentration / minimum bactericidal concentration ratio. What does this mea…
Published	10/10/2024	List 5 things antibiotics can target in bacteria
Published	10/10/2024	Penicillin targets the {{c1::cell wall}} of bacteria while tetracycline (doxycycline) targets {{c1::protein synthesis}} in bacteria
Published	10/10/2024	Penicillin, Cephalosporin, and Methicillin are all which type of antibiotic and target which area of the bacteria?
Published	10/10/2024	The following list are all antibiotics that inhibit..?Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol
Published	10/10/2024	What antibiotic is a fluroquinolone that inhibits nucleac acid synthesis?
Published	10/10/2024	Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat bacterial vaginosis and prevents DNA synthesis in the bacteria?
Published	10/10/2024	Which antibiotic is an aminopenicillin that targets the cell wall of bacteria and is commonly prescibed for upper respiratory infections?
Published	10/10/2024	Which antibiotic is effective against e. coli which commonly causes UTIs?
Published	10/10/2024	Which antibiotic inhibits folic acid metabolsim and is commonly used to treat UTIs?
Published	10/10/2024	Which two substances make the anitbiotic co-amoxiclav?
Published	10/10/2024	Flucloxacillin is beta-lactam antibiotic effective against {{c1::staph aureus}} infections
Published	10/10/2024	Doxycyclin inhibits {{c1::30S}} ribosome while Clarithromycin inhibits {{c1::50s}} ribosome and protein synthesis
Published	10/10/2024	What is the solution for a bacteria exhibiting instrinsic resistance (occurs naturally)?
Published	10/10/2024	A bacteria can exhibit acquired resistance if it...
Published	10/11/2024	As a physician, list what should be decided before administrating antibiotics to a patient
Published	10/11/2024	Bacteria have intrinsic mechanisms and acquired mechanisms to resist antibiotics. Intrinsic mechanisms include:
Published	10/11/2024	Bacteria have intrinsic mechanisms and acquired mechanisms to resist antibiotics. Acquired mechanisms include:
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