Notes in 02. Antimicrobial Agents - Drug classes and clinical review

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Published	06/26/2023	drug elimination → often multiple mechanisms of elimination w/ one primary mechanism being the most clinical signficant Renal → drug eliminated i…
Published	06/26/2023	Abx elimination Renal beta {{c1::lactams}}{{c1::Fluoroquinolones}} → mainly renal (except moxi) though some hepatic drug interactions t…
Published	06/26/2023	Clinical manifestation Methods for Antimicrobials MOA Abx groups → chemical structure Use/indication Gram +, Gram - anaerobes&nbsp…
Published	06/26/2023	Beta lactams → inhibit {{c1::cell wall synthesis}}PCN's Cephalosporins Carbapenems Generally well tolerated, safe in pediatrics, p…
Published	06/26/2023	Cephalosporin generations 2nd → PO {{c1::Cefaclor, Cefprozil, Cefuroxime axetil}}
Published	06/26/2023	Macrolides → {{c1::respiratory infections}}, atypical, and intracellular organisms Erythromycin Rarely used GI upset, directly sti…
Published	06/26/2023	Fluoroquinolones use → {{c1::respiratory infections}}, sinusitis, Otic, UTIs Ciprofloxacin Gram-{{c1::negative}} bacteria UTI…
Published	06/26/2023	Tetracyclines Atypical organisms, Intracellular organisms, 3rd line for {{c1::respiratory infections}} and {{c1::skin infections}}Tetra…
Published	06/26/2023	Sulfa Antibiotics Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim → BactrimGram negative {{c1::UTIs}}{{c1::MRSA}} skin infections Safe for use in {{…
Published	06/26/2023	Lincosamidesuse → Gram + infections, {{c1::anaerobes}} above {{c1::diaphragm}} and MRS skin infections Clindamycin Safe for use in…
Published	06/26/2023	Metronidazole requires conversion to {{c1::toxic radical metabolite}} by host microorganism Trichomonas Giardia C. diff …
Published	06/26/2023	Glycopeptides Vancomycin not {{c1::orally absorbed}}PO use restricted to treating C. diffIM/IV treats Gram (+) infections includin…
Published	06/26/2023	Glycopeptide and Lipoclycopeptide antibiotics Narrow, gram {{c1::+}} spectrum Prevent cross-linking of cell wall polymers Binds te…
Published	06/26/2023
Published	06/26/2023
Published	06/26/2023	Anti-fungal drug classes and agents Polyenes → bind to ergosterol creating pores {{c1::destroying}} cell membrane Amphotericin B Nystat…
Published	06/26/2023	Antifungal spectrum Yeasts most drugs used for {{c1::invasive infections}} are effective against common yeasts → candida albicans, Cryptococ…
Published	06/26/2023	drugs for invasive fungal infections candida and other yeasts {{c1::fluconazole, voriconazole}} and other -azoles{{c1::Caspofungin}} and oth…
Published	06/26/2023	Isoniazid historic drug of choice for treatment of latent or active {{c1::tuberculosis}}metabolized by {{c1::mycobacteria}} to its acti…
Published	06/26/2023	Isoniazid Properties metabolized in humans primarily by {{c1::acetylation}}N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is {{c1::highly polymorphic}}Fa…
Published	06/26/2023	The Rifamycins Rifampin is the oldest, most used Broad {{c1::antibacterial}} spectrum Inhibits Bacterial transcription of {{c1::DN…
Published	06/26/2023	Properties of Rifamycins orally effective, widely distributed Metabolized in liver to active metabolites Enterohepatic circulation (dru…
Published	06/26/2023	limitations in developing antiviral drugs obligate intracellular parasites antiviral drugs must enter {{c1::human cells}}Viruses requir…
Published	06/26/2023	anti-viral drugs many agents have significant reactions potential exceptions {{c1::HSV and Varicella}} agents Influenza agents&nbs…
Published	06/26/2023	mechanisms of anti-viral drug action inhibit viral nucleic acid synthesis (6) {{c1::HSV, varicella}}, {{c2::CMV, HIV}}, hep B and CInhi…
Published	06/26/2023	Antiviral Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs Agents that inhibit {{c1::Viral DNA polymerase}} to treat the following HSV, Varicella zoster (C…
Published	06/26/2023	Abx use by organ system infections Respiratory, oropharynx → often strep pneumo, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis {{c1::PCN's}}{{c1::Cephalospor…
Published	06/26/2023
Published	06/26/2023
Published	06/26/2023
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