Notes in 01 Immune Response to Pathogens Lecture

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Published	09/08/2023	Immune responses are mostly affected by {{c1::hematopoietic}} cells
Published	09/08/2023	Cellular immunity is {{c1::short}}-range, humoral immunity is {{c2::long}}-range; both generate memory.
Published	09/06/2023	3 types of innate immune barriers:{{c1::Physical/Mechanical (e.g. skin, hair, air and liquid sheer force (couging, etc.))}}{{c1:: Chemical (e.g. lysos…
Published	09/10/2023	Cells involved in innate immune response:{{c1::Natural Killer Cells (NK) CellsTissue MacrophagesGranulocytes NeutrophilsInnate lymphoid cells}}
Published	09/08/2023	Innate Immune ResponseFunction: {{c1::pathogen recognition}}Proteins: {{c2::soluble receptors (e.g. NOD-like proteins), membrane bound receptors …
Published	09/06/2023	Innate Immune ResponseFunction: {{c1::pathogen destruction by phagocytosis}}Proteins: N/ACells: {{c2::macrophages, neutrophils}}
Published	09/06/2023	Innate Immune ResponseFunction: {{c1::pathogen destruction by direct killing of infected cells}}Proteins: N/ACells: {{c2::natural kille…
Published	09/06/2023	Innate Immune ResponseFunction: {{c1::pathogen destruction by antimicrobial peptides (pre-formed peptides)}}Proteins: {{c2::e.g. defensins, …
Published	09/08/2023	Innate Immune ResponseFunction: {{c1::inflammation}}Proteins: {{c2::cytokine and chemokine signals, complement components}}Cells: {{c3:…
Published	09/08/2023	Phagocytic Cells {{c1::“eat” other cells::do what?}}{{c2::NeutrophilsMacrophagesDendritic Cells::3}}
Published	09/06/2023	Adaptive Immune Cells {{c1::work to help the body learn and remember pathogens/pathogen responses::do what?}}{{c2::B CellsT Cells::2 cell types}}
Published	09/06/2023	Granulocytes {{c1::have pre-formed granules::do what?}}{{c2::BasophilsMast CellsNeutrophils Eosinophils NK Cells::5}}
Published	09/06/2023	Lymphocytes {{c1::are specialized WBCs and are main type of cell in lymph::do what?}}{{c2::B CellsT CellsNK CellsInnate lymphoid cells (Don’t worry ab…
Published	09/08/2023	Professional Antigen Presenting Cells {{c1::have coreceptors to help them be very good at presenting antigens to T cells::do what?}}{{c2::Macrophages …
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::Primary/central}} lymphoid organs include:{{c2:: Bone marrowThymus}}
Published	09/08/2023	{{c1::Secondary/peripheral}} lymphoid organs include:{{c2:: Lymph nodesSpleenPeyer's Patch}}
Published	08/30/2024	____________ is local accumulation of fluids due to increase in capillary diameter and permeability.
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::Natural killer cells::Cell type}} respond to {{c2::viral}} infections
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::Neutrophils::Cell type}} respond to {{c2::bacterial}} infections
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::IgM antibodies}} are the first antibodies to be produced by a plasma cell and are pentamers
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Published	09/06/2023	T cell receptors recognize {{c1::antigen fragments}}
Published	09/06/2023	B cell receptors and soluble antibodies recognize {{c1::whole intact antigen}}
Published	09/08/2023	What is clonal selection?{{c1::after an immune cell is found that can bind closely to the antigen, that immune cell proliferates to mount a larger res…
Published	09/06/2023	What is clonal deletion?{{c1::after the pathogen is eliminated, most of the cells from clonal selection die off, but some are retained for memory}}
Published	09/08/2023	MHC Class {{c1::II}} molecules present {{c2::exogenous::exogenous/endogenous}} pathogens and are bound by {{c3:: helper}} T-cells, which have a {{c4::…
Published	09/06/2023	MHC Class {{c1::I}} molecules present {{c2::endogenous::exogenous/endogenous}} pathogens and are bound by {{c3::cytotoxic}} T-cells, which have a {{c4…
Published	09/06/2023	Pathogens that enter through the skin are presented in the {{c1::lymph nodes}}
Published	09/08/2023	Pathogens that enter through the respiratory tract are presented in the {{c1::lymph nodes}}
Published	09/06/2023	Pathogens that enter through the GI system are presented in the {{c1::mesentaric (intestinal)}} lymph nodes
Published	09/06/2023	If prevalence INCREASES, PPV {{c1::increases}} and NPV {{c1::decreases}}
Published	09/06/2023	If sensitivity INCREASES, {{c1::NPV}} increases
Published	09/06/2023	If specificity INCREASES, {{c1::PPV}} increases
Published	09/08/2023	An individual's immune response (immune repertoire) {{c1::is not::is/is not}} heritable
Published	09/06/2023	The adult thymus has more {{c1::fat}} and is {{c1::smaller}} than the child's thymus
Published	09/06/2023	{{c2::Calor (heat)}} is due to more {{c1::blood}} in the local area
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::Dolor (pain)}} is due to more {{c2::fluid}} in the local area
Published	09/06/2023	{{c1::Rubor (redness)}} is due to more {{c2::blood}} in the area
Published	09/06/2023	{{c2::Tumor (swelling)}} is due to more {{c1::fluid}} in the local area
Published	09/06/2023	The second immune response to a pathogen is more intense and quick because the plasma cells have undergone {{c1::affinity maturation}}
Published	09/08/2023	Signal 1 is when the {{c1::T cell coreceptor (CD4 or CD8)}} binds to {{c1::MHC}} molecule, and the TCR binds to the peptide antigen
Published	09/06/2023	Signal 2 is when the {{c1::CD28}} on T cells binds to {{c1::CD80 or CD86 (same thing as B7)}} on the APC
Published	09/13/2023	Professional APCs are the only ones who can provide {{c1::signal 2}} (costimulatory molecule) which sends another signal to the nucleus of a T-cell th…
Published	09/28/2023	Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome can occur in individuals that have {{c1::TAP}} deficiencies
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