Notes in 07 Disorders of Blood Vessel Hyperreactivity + Lympangitis

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Published	10/21/2024	Raynaud’s PhenomenonResults from exaggerated {{c1::vasoconstriction}} of digital (andsometimes facial) arteries and arterioles, producing pain, pallor…
Published	10/21/2024	Raynaud’s PhenomenonProlonged vasospasm can result in {{c1::tissue necrosis}}
Published	10/21/2024	Raynaud’s PhenomenonCan be the initial manifestation in up to 10% of patients with{{c1::immune-mediated vasculitides}}
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Primary Raynaud’s}} phenomenonOccurs in 3% to 5% of the general population and mostcommonly affects young womenReflects exaggerated vasomotor re…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::Secondary Raynaud’s}} phenomenonVascular insufficiency caused by arterial narrowing induced byother conditions (e.g., atherosclerosis, SLE, syst…
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmVasoactive mediators can precipitate {{c2::prolonged}} myocardial vessel{{c1::contraction}}
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmVasoactive mediators can precipitate prolonged myocardial vesselcontraction→ Results in {{c1::ischemia}} and {{c2::infarcti…
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmCausal agents:→ Endogenous (e.g. {{c1::epinephrine released by pheochromocytomas}})→ Exogenous (e.g. {{c2::cocaine}})
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmCausal agents:→ {{c1::Endogenous}} (e.g. epinephrine released by pheochromocytomas)→ {{c2::Exogenous}} (e.g. cocaine)
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmElevated thyroid hormone→ Similar effect → increases {{c1::sensitivity}} of vessels to circulating {{c2::catecholamines}}
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel Vasospasm{{c1::Elevated thyroid hormone}}→ Similar effect → increases sensitivity of vessels to circulating catecholamines
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmAutoantibodies, T cells in scleroderma→ Cause vascular {{c1::instability}} and {{c2::vasospasm}}
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmExtreme {{c1::psychological stress}} (with catecholamine release)→ Also lead to pathologic vasospasm
Published	10/21/2024	Myocardial Vessel VasospasmExtreme psychological stress (with {{c1::catecholamine}} release)→ Also lead to pathologic vasospasm
Published	10/21/2024	VeinsVein disorders are extremely common→ 90% involve varicose veins or {{c1::thrombophlebitis}}/{{c2::phlebothrombosis}}
Published	10/21/2024	Vein-Associated Disorders→ {{c1::Varicose Veins}}→ {{c1::Thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis}}→ {{c1::Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes}}
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose VeinsSuperficial, lower extremity veins that are {{c1::dilated}} and {{c2::tortuous}}resulting from chronically {{c3::elevated intraluminal}}…
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose VeinsOccur in roughly 20% of adultsIncreased risk with {{c1::obesity}} and {{c2::pregnancy}}Also occur d/t {{c3::hereditary venous}} defects …
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose VeinsStasis dermatitisResults from vein {{c1::dilation}} which renders the valves incompetent, with vascular {{c2::stasis}}, persistent {{c3:…
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose VeinsVaricosities in two other sites are clinically important:{{c1::Esophageal varices}}{{c2::Hemorrhoids}}
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose Veins{{c1::Tortuous}} vessels seen due to valve insufficiency
Published	10/21/2024	Varicose Veins  Normal veins are {{c1::tensile}}Valves become weak in varicose veinLeads to {{c2::backflow}}, {{c3::stasis}} and {{c4::edema…
Published	10/21/2024	Thrombophlebitis and PhlebothrombosisLargely interchangeable terms for {{c1::venous thrombosis}} and {{c2::inflammation}}
Published	10/21/2024	Thrombophlebitis and PhlebothrombosisPredisposing factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) {{c1::CHF}}, {{c2::Virchow’s Triad}}
Published	10/21/2024	Thrombophlebitis and PhlebothrombosisImportant sites of DVTDeep {{c1::leg veins}}{{c2::Periprostatic plexus}} in men{{c3::Ovarian}} and {{c4::pelvic}}…
Published	10/21/2024	Thrombophlebitis and PhlebothrombosisDVT are common sources or {{c1::pulmonary emboli}} vs {{c2::SVT}}
Published	10/21/2024	Thrombophlebitis and PhlebothrombosisMigratory thrombophlebitis ({{c3::Trousseau}} syndrome)→ Malignancy-associated hypercoagulability caused by{{c2::…
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes{{c3::SVC Syndrome}}Caused by {{c4::neoplasms}} compressing or invading the {{c5::SVC}} (e.g., {{c6::primary …
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes{{c1::IVC}} Syndrome→ Caused by extrinsic IVC compression
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava SyndromesIVC Syndrome→ Caused by {{c1::extrinsic IVC compression}}
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava SyndromesCertain neoplasms, i.e. hepatocellular, renal cell carcinomas can grow within veins → obstruction of {{c…
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava SyndromesTypical Appearance of SVC SyndromeEdematous {{c2::head and neck}} with {{c2::naso/oropharyngeal}} edemaAppear…
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes{{c2::Pemberton’s Maneuver}}Patient raises both arms above their head for {{c1::one minute}}Obstruction of SV…
Published	10/21/2024	Superior and Inferior Vena Cava SyndromesPemberton’s ManeuverPatient raises both arms above their head for one minuteObstruction of SVC manifests as p…
Published	10/21/2024	{{c1::LYMPHANGITIS}}Inflammation that occurs when infections spread into lymphatics
Published	10/21/2024	Most common cause og Lymphangitis?
Published	10/21/2024	Presents as painful subcutaneous red streaks, often with tender regional lymphadenopathy (lymphadenitis)
Published	10/21/2024	LYMPHANGITISMorphologyDilated lymphatics are filled with {{c1::neutrophils}} and {{c1::macrophages}}Inflammation can extend into adjacent tissues with…
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