Notes in Protein Trafficking

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	09/07/2023	the {{c1::signal sequence}} is a common signal on all proteins made by ribosomes on the ER
Published	09/07/2023	the secretory pathway of proteins is from the {{c2::ER}} -> {{c1::golgi apparatus}} -> secretory vesicles -> extracellular space
Published	09/07/2023	the ER environment is {{c1::oxidizing}} (oxidizing/reducing) with {{c2::high}} (high/low) calcium concentration, in contrast with the cytosol whi…
Published	09/07/2023	in the {{c1::ER}}, sugars are added and difsulfide bonds form to stablilize proteins and give structure
Published	09/07/2023	the {{c1::signal sequence}} on a protein localizes it to the ER, is usually 12-30 amino acids, and has a positively charged N-terminus
Published	09/07/2023	the signal sequence is followed by a {{c1::hydrophobic}} core of 7-15 amino acids (leucine and alanine)
Published	09/07/2023	The {{c1::hydrophobic}} core of the signal sequence is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), a GTP-binding protein, to slow translat…
Published	09/07/2023	Type I and II membrane proteins in the ER membrane contain {{c1::one}} (how many) membrane-spanning domain
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::polytopic}} membrane proteins in the ER membrane span the membrane more than once
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::Molecular chaperones}} in the ER are proteins that stabilize unfolded proteins, unfold them for translocation or for degradation, and assist …
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::chaperones}} that assist with protein folding in the ER are non-specific, couple ATP hydrolysis to protein folding, and do not interact stably w…
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::cystic fibrosis}} results from mutations that prevent proper folding of a protein that then accumulates in the ER and does not make it to the…
Published	09/07/2023	chaperone expression is often {{c1::increased}} (increased/decreased) by cellular stress because they are needed for viability of the cell
Published	09/07/2023	vesicles that leave the ER traffic to the Golgi apparatus and fuse with the {{c1::cis}} (cis/trans) face
Published	09/07/2023	because {{c1::mannose}} residues added by the ER to proteins are removed in the golgi, proteins trapped in the ER in disease states can be identified …
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::lysosomal storage}} disease are caused by lack of enzymes or lack of mannose-6-phosphate tag leads to accumulation of these enzyme substrates in…
Published	09/07/2023	The specificity of vesicular trafficking is accomplished with {{c1::SNARE}} proteins
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::v}}-snare is found in vesicle membrane and t-snare is on target membrane
Published	09/07/2023	{{c1::SNARE}} proteins are important in regulated exocytosis (ex: they are target of tetanus and botulism toxins that block synaptic transmission of v…
Status	Last Update	Fields