Notes in Pelvic Viscera

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/28/2024	Peritoneal reflections and spaces include- {{c1::Supravesical fossae}}- {{c1::Paravesical fossae}}- {{c1::Vesicouterine pouch::AFAB}} and {{c1::R…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Vesicouterine pouch}} boundariesSuperior: {{c1::uterus}}Inferior: {{c1::urinary bladder}}
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Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Paravesical fossa::peritoneal spaces}} are between {{c1::bladder}} and {{c1::lateral pelvic walls}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Pararectal fossae::peritoneal spaces}} are lateral extensions of {{c1::rectovesical pouch::AMAB}} or {{c1::rectouterine pouch::AFAB}}
Published	10/28/2024	Ureters are {{c1::retroperitoneal::Intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/subperitoneal}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Gonadal}} vessels branching from abdominal aorta pass {{c1::anterior::direction}} to ureters
Published	10/28/2024	Ureters cross {{c2::pelvic brim::plane}} at {{c1::common iliac vessel bifurcation}} to enter the {{c2::lesser pelvis (pelvic cavity)::location}}
Published	10/28/2024	Ureters enter {{c1::posterior::direction}} aspect of bladder
Published	10/28/2024	Ureters physiological constrictions{{c1::Pelviureteric junction (PUJ)::junction}} at the {{c1::renal pelvis::location}}{{c1::Common iliac artery bifur…
Published	10/28/2024	The ureters are typically {{c1::3}} millimiters in diameter except at {{c1::pelviureteric junction}}, {{c1::common iliac artery bifurcation}…
Published	10/28/2024	For AMAB, {{c1::ductus (vas) deferens}} cross superior to the ureterFor AFAB, {{c1::uterine arteries}} cross superior to the ureter
Published	10/28/2024	Uterine arteries courses {{c1::lateral::direction}} to the cervix
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Urinary bladder wall}} is composed of {{c1::smooth::muscle type}} muscle called {{c1::detrusor}} muscle
Published	10/28/2024	Urinary bladder when full extends {{c1::superiorly::direction}}
Published	10/28/2024	Most of the bladder is highly distensible because it is embedded in {{c1::loose::quality}} {{c1::extraperitoneal::intraperitoneal/extraperitoneal}} {{…
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Published	10/28/2024	Urinary bladder anatomic relationships– {{c1::Posterior::direction}} and {{c1::superior::direction}} to pubis/pubic symphysis– superior to {{c1::prost…
Published	10/28/2024	As the prostate ages, it tends to {{c1::enlarge::action}} and may protrude into the {{c1::neck of the bladder::organ}}
Published	10/28/2024	With pregnancy, the weight of the growing fetus exerts pressure on the {{c1::bladder::organ}} causing {{c1::urinary frequency::symptom}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Trigone}} is the {{c1::triangular::shape}} {{c1::smooth::smooth/rough}} region on the {{c1::posterior::direction}} wall of the bladder
Published	10/28/2024	The openings of the bladder are at the angles of the {{c1::trigone}} including:- {{c1::Left ureteric}} orifice- {{c1::Right ureteric}} …
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Detrusor}} muscle tightens to help prevent {{c1::reflux::action}} of urine into the {{c1::ureter::structure}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::trigone::portion}} of bladder and {{c1::neck::portion}} of bladder do not {{c2::distend::action}} and are anchored in place by {{c2::pelvic liga…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Oblique::position}} passage of ureters through bladder wall creates a one-way “flap” valve that closes with internal pressure. This helps preven…
Published	10/28/2024	Internal urethral sphincter under {{c1::autonomic::autonomic/voluntary}} control
Published	10/28/2024	Internal urethral sphincter {{c1::contracts::contracts/relaxes}} during bladder filling
Published	10/28/2024	Internal urethral sphincter {{c1::relaxes::contracts/relaxes}} during micturition
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Internal urethral sphincter}} muscle may be more developed in {{c1::AMAB::AMAB/AFAB}} because it also prevents {{c1::retrograde ejaculation::act…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Suprapubic cystostomy (suprapubic catheterization)::procedure}} involves making an opening through abdominal wall to drain the bladder
Published	10/28/2024	Bladder covered by peritoneum on {{c1::superior::direction}} surface
Published	10/28/2024	Empty bladder is located primarily in the {{c1::lesser pelvis (pelvic cavity)::location}}
Published	10/28/2024	The urethra is {{c1::18::#}}-{{c1::20::#}} centimeters long in AMAB
Published	10/28/2024	The urethra is {{c1::4::#}} centimeters in AFAB
Published	10/28/2024	Urethra parts in AMAB:- {{c1::Intramural}}- {{c1::Prostatic}}- {{c1::Membranous}}- {{c1::Spongy}}
Published	10/28/2024	In vestibule of the vagina, urethra opens {{c1::anterior::direction}} to the vaginal orifice
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum is continuous proximally with {{c1::sigmoid colon::portion of organ}} at the {{c1::rectosigmoid junction::opening}} at {{c1::S3}} spi…
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum continuous distally with {{c1::anal canal}} at {{c1::anorectal junction::opening}} at level of {{c1::pelvic diaphragm}} muscles
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum peritoneal relationshipsSuperior part: {{c1::intraperitoneal}}Middle part: {{c1::retroperitoneal}}Inferior part: {{c1::subperitoneal}}
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum peritoneal relationshipsSuperior part: {{c1::intraperitoneal}}Middle part: {{c1::retroperitoneal}}Inferior part: {{c1::subperitoneal}}
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum {{c1::doesn't::does/doesn't}} have taenia coli
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum {{c1::doesn't::does/doesn't}} have omental (epiploic) appendices
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum has {{c1::3::#}} {{c1::transverse rectal}} folds followed by the {{c2::anorectal}} junction
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::transverse rectal folds::structure}} along with the {{c1::rectal ampulla::structure}} support the weight of the fecal mass prior to defecation
Published	10/28/2024	Rectum functions- holding and transporting {{c1::fecal matter}}- Final {{c1::water}} and {{c1::electrolyte}} absorption
Published	10/28/2024	The ampulla is the {{c1::dilated::dilated/constricted}} {{c1::distal::proximal/distal}} part of the rectum
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c2::ampulla}} of the rectum is directed superior to/supported by {{c1::pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)::tissue layer}}
Published	10/28/2024	The flexures of the rectum- {{c1::sacral flexure}}- {{c1::anorectal flexure/angle}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Anorectal flexure}} is an {{c1::80}} degree angle between {{c2::rectum}} and {{c2::anal canal}}
Published	10/28/2024	Anorectal flexure/angle is caused by pull of {{c1::puborectalis}} muscle
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::anorectal}} flexure occurs at the {{c2::anorectal junction}} which is the transition point between {{c1::anal canal::portion of organ}}…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Ovarian}} ligament connects {{c1::uterus}} to {{c1::ovary}}
Published	10/28/2024	Ovarian ligament's uterine attachment is {{c1::posterior::direction}} and {{c1::inferior::direction}} to where {{c2::uterine tube::structure}} me…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Suspensory ligament of the ovary (infudibulopelvic ligament)::ligament}} is the peritoneal fold containing {{c1::ovarian arteries}}, {{c1::…
Published	10/28/2024	Suspensory ligament of the ovary connects {{c1::ovary}} and {{c1::proximal uterine tube}} to {{c1::lateral pelvic wall}}
Published	10/28/2024	Ovarian ligament {{c1::doesn't::does/doesn't}} contain neurovasculature
Published	10/28/2024	Suspensory ligament of ovary {{c1::does::does/doesn't}} contain neurovasculature
Published	10/28/2024	Ovarian ligament is also called {{c1::proper ovarian ligament}} and {{c1::proper ligament of the ovary}}
Published	10/28/2024	Suspensory ligament of ovary is also called {{c1::infudibulopelvic ligament}}
Published	10/28/2024	Mesovarium is the peritoneal fold of the {{c1::ovary}} and {{c1::ovarian ligament}}
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Published	10/28/2024	Uterine tubes are also called {{c1::oviducts}} and {{c1::fallopian tubes}}
Published	10/28/2024	Uterine tubes connect {{c1::uterine}} cavity to {{c1::peritoneal}} cavity
Published	10/28/2024	The peritoneal cavity is continuous with the outside world via the {{c1::vagina::structure}} in AFAB because of {{c1::uterine tubes::portion of o…
Published	10/28/2024	Uterine tube functions to transport oocyte from {{c1::peritoneal}} cavity to {{c1::uterine}} cavity
Published	10/28/2024	The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the {{c1::uterine tubes}} which is called a {{c1::tubal}} pregnancy
Published	10/28/2024	The parts of the uterine tubes proximal to distal include:- {{c1::Uterine part}}- {{c1::Isthmus}}- {{c1::Ampulla}}- {{c1::Infudibulum}}
Published	10/28/2024	The infudibulum of the uterus is open to the {{c1::peritoneal}} cavity
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::fimbriae}} of the infudibulum are fingerlike projections which sweep for oocytes
Published	10/28/2024	Fertilization of the oocyte normally occurs at the {{c1::ampulla}} of the uterine tube
Published	10/28/2024	The isthmus of the uterine tube is the {{c1::narrow::narrow/wide}} portion just lateral to the {{c1::uterus}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Hysterosalpingography}} is a {{c1::fluoroscopic::imaging technique}} examination of the {{c1::uterine tubes::structure}} to assess {{c…
Published	10/28/2024	Parts of the uterus superior to inferior- {{c1::Fundus}}- {{c1::Body}}- {{c1::Isthmus}}- {{c1::Cervix}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Fundus}} of the uterus is the part above where the uterine tubes connect to the uterus
Published	10/28/2024	The vaginal part of the cervix projects into proximal vagina creating {{c1::vaginal fornices (vaginal fornix)::recesses}}
Published	10/28/2024	A {{c1::speculum::device}} is used to visualize the cervix during a pap test
Published	10/28/2024	A pap test involves using a spatula inside the {{c1::external os::opening}} to scrape cellular material from the mucosa of the {{c1::vaginal cerv…
Published	10/28/2024	Tissue layers of the uterus superficial to deep include- {{c1::Perimetrium}}- {{c1::Myometrium}}- {{c1::Endometrium}}
Published	10/28/2024	Perimetrium of the uterus is composed of {{c1::parietal peritoneum::tissue type}}
Published	10/28/2024	Myometrium of the uterus is composed of {{c1::smooth muscle::tissue type}}
Published	10/28/2024	Endometrium is of the uterus is composed of {{c1::mucosa::tissue type}}
Published	10/28/2024	Cervix is {{c1::anteverted}} meaning it is angled {{c2::anteriorly::direction}} relative to axis of {{c2::vagina::structure}}
Published	10/28/2024	Uterine body is {{c1::anteflexed}} meaning it is angled {{c2::anteriorly::direction}} relative to axis of {{c2::cervix::structure}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Anteverted::position}} cervix and {{c1::anteflexed::position}} uterine body provides passive support to the uterus from the {{c1::bladder::struc…
Published	10/28/2024	Pregnancy causes urinary {{c1::frequency}} by compressing the {{c1::bladder}}
Published	10/28/2024	This uterus disposition is described as {{c1::anteverted retroflexed}}
Published	10/28/2024	This uterus disposition is described as {{c1::excessive anteflexion}}
Published	10/28/2024	These uterus dispositions refer to degrees of {{c1::retroversion}}
Published	10/28/2024	Round ligament of the uterus connects {{c1::uterus}} to {{c1::labia majora}}
Published	10/28/2024	Round ligament of the uterus passes through the {{c1::inguinal canal::structure}} to reach the labia majora
Published	10/28/2024	Named parts of the broad ligament include:- {{c1::Mesosalpinx}}- {{c1::Mesovarium}}- {{c1::Mesometrium}}
Published	10/28/2024	Broad ligament of the uterus contains- {{c1::Fallopian tubes::structure}}- {{c1::Ovaries::organ}}- {{c1::Ovarian ligament::ligament}}-&…
Published	10/28/2024	Adnexa of the uterus is also called the {{c1::uterine appendages}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Adnexa (uterine appendages)}} of the uterus includes- {{c1::ovaries}}- {{c1::uterine tubes}}- {{c1::broad ligaments of uterus}}
Published	10/28/2024	Vaginas are typically {{c1::7-9}} centimeters in length
Published	10/28/2024	Vaginas are {{c1::collapsed}} meaning the walls {{c1::are::are/aren't}} touching each other
Published	10/28/2024	Vagina is anterior to the {{c1::rectum::portion of organ}} and passes through the {{c2::urogenital hiatus::opening}} of the pelvic diaphragm
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Vaginal fornices}} are the narrow recesses that surround the {{c2::vaginal::vaginal/uterine}} part of the cervix
Published	10/28/2024	The anterior vaginal fornix is {{c1::shallow::shallow/deep}}
Published	10/28/2024	The posterior vaginal fornix is {{c1::deep::shallow/deep}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Posterior::anterior/posterior}} vaginal fornix is {{c1::anterior}} and {{c1::inferior}} to {{c2::rectouterine pouch of douglas}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Culdocentesis}} is the {{c2::aspiration::action}} of {{c2::peritoneal::cavity}} fluid through {{c2::posterior::anterior/posterior}} fornix of va…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Uterine tube}}, {{c2::uterus}}, and {{c2::vagina}} are surrounded by anastomoses between- {{c1::Ovarian}} artery- {{c1::Uterine}} arte…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Pampiniform plexus of}} veins are tributaries of {{c2::ovarian}} vein and drain blood from the {{c1::ovaries::AFAB}} and {{c1::ut…
Published	10/28/2024	Left ovarian vein and right ovarian vein tributaries- {{c1::pampiniform plexus of}} veins
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::uterovaginal plexus of}} veins drains blood from {{c1::uterus}} and {{c1::vagina}}
Published	10/28/2024	Left uterine vein and right uterine vein tributaries- {{c1::uterovaginal plexus of}} veins
Published	10/28/2024	Uterine veins drain into {{c1::internal iliac}} veins
Published	10/28/2024	Palpation for {{c2::size::quality}} and {{c2::location::quality}} of pelvic organs is a {{c1::bimanual}} exam meaning it involves the use of&nbsp…
Published	10/28/2024	Bimanual exam of the pelvis can palpate:- {{c1::Cervix::portion of organ}}- {{c1::Uterus::organ}}- {{c1::Uterine tubes::structure}}-&nb…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Anterior vaginal}} prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse in AFAB
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Published	10/28/2024	Pelvic organ prolapses can result from {{c1::ligament::tissue type}} or {{c1::muscular::tissue type}} weakness or disruption typically in the&nbs…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c2::Pelvic organ prolapse}} nonsurgical treatments involve- {{c1::pelvic floor exercises}} to restore the strength of the muscles- {{c1::p…
Published	10/28/2024	Testes produce {{c1::sperm}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Epididymis}} stores sperm for maturation eventually transporting them to the {{c1::ductus deferens}}
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Ductus deferens::structure}} transport sperm from the {{c1::epididymis::portion of organ}} to the {{c1::prostate gland::organ}} which …
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Ductus deferens::structure}} combine with the {{c1::seminal vesicles::structure}} to form the {{c2::ejaculatory duct::structure}} which emp…
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Seminal vesicles}} secrete the fluid that largely composes semen
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Prostate gland}} secretes enzymes important for activating sperm in preparation for fertilization
Published	10/28/2024	The ductus deferens pass {{c1::superior::direction}} to ureter
Published	10/28/2024	The ductus deferens pass {{c1::posterior::direction}} to urinary bladder
Published	10/28/2024	The ductus deferens course around the {{c1::inferior epigastric::direction}} vessels and superior to the {{c1::external iliac}} vessels on their …
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::ampulla}} of the ductus deferens is the enlarged {{c1::distal::proximal/distal}} part
Published	10/28/2024	The ampulla of the ductus deferens is {{c1::superior::direction}} and {{c1::medial::direction}} to the seminal vesicles
Published	10/28/2024	Seminal vesicles are posterior to the {{c1::urinary bladder::organ}} and anterior to the {{c1::rectum::organ}}
Published	10/28/2024	Seminal vesicles are {{c1::lateral::direction}} to the ampulla of ductus deferens
Published	10/28/2024	Seminal vesicles are {{c1::inferior::direction}} to ureters
Published	10/28/2024	Seminal vesicles are {{c1::superior::direction}} to the prostate
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::apex::portion}} of the prostate gland faces the {{c2::perineum::body region}}
Published	10/28/2024	Lobes of the prostate- {{c1::Anterior lobe}}- {{c1::Left lateral lobe}}- {{c1::Middle lobe}}- {{c1::Right lateral lobe}}- {{c…
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::anterior}} lobe of the prostate is anterior to the urethra
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::middle}} lobe and {{c1::posterior}} lobe of the prostate are posterior to the prostatic urethra
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::posterior}} lobe of the prostate is inferior to the ejaculatory ducts
Published	10/28/2024	The {{c1::middle}} lobe of the prostate is superior to the ejaculatory ducts
Published	10/28/2024	Zones of the prostate deep to superfiical are:- {{c1::Transitional zone (periurethral zone)}}- {{c1::Central zone}}- {{c1::Peripheral z…
Published	10/28/2024	Transitional zone of the prostate is also called {{c1::periurethral zone}} and composes {{c1::5::#}}% of the prostate
Published	10/28/2024	Central zone of the prostate composes {{c1::25::#}}% of the prostate
Published	10/28/2024	Peripheral zone of the prostate composes {{c1::70::#}}% of the prostate
Published	10/28/2024	Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) involves the {{c1::transitional (periurethral zone)}} zone
Published	10/28/2024	Benign prostatic hyperplasic's symptoms are- {{c1::Nocturia}}- {{c1::Dysuria}}- {{c1::Urgency}}
Published	10/28/2024	The Benign prostatic hyperplasic (BPH) gold standard surgical treatment is {{c1::transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)::surgery}}
Published	10/28/2024	Prostate cancer is most common in the {{c1::peripheral}} zone of the {{c1::posterior}} lobe
Published	10/28/2024	Prostate cancer is screened for by {{c1::prostate specific antigen (PSA)}} test and {{c1::digital rectal (DRE)}} exam
Published	10/28/2024	Prostate cancer is diagnosed by prostate {{c1::biopsy::procedure}}
Published	10/28/2024	Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone include {{c1::sacrum::bone}}, {{c1::pelvic bones::bone group}}, and {{c1::lumbar verteb…
Published	10/28/2024	Common symptoms of prostate cancer- {{c1::bone}} pain- {{c1::BPH::other health issue}} symptoms
Published	10/28/2024	Prostate cancer is the {{c1::2nd::#}} leading cause of cancer deaths in those with prostates
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Lung cancer}} is the 1st leading cause of cancer death in those with prostates
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Hyperplasia}} is an increase in number of cells
Published	10/28/2024	{{c1::Hypertrophy}} is an increase in size of cells
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