Notes in 4. Critical Care

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Published	02/10/2024	Critical care, otherwise known as intensive care, takes place in an ICU or level 3 care, with a focus on {{c1::supporting organ systems}}
Published	02/10/2024	Types of Respiratory Faliure {{c1::Type 1: Oxygenation failure (i.e. PaO2 <8 kPA and normal PaCO2 around 6.7 kPA)}} {{c1::Type 2: Oxygena…
Published	02/10/2024	Shock is {{c1::acute circulatory failure with inadequate or inappropriately distributed tissue perfusion resulting in cellular hypoxia}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Distributive/Septic}} Shock involves {{c1::abnormal dilation of blood vessels and direction of blood to the wrong place}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Hypovolaemic}} Shock occurs due to {{c1::prolonged dehydration or trauma and loss of blood}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Anaphylactic}} Shock involves {{c1::abnormal dilation of blood vessels associated with cardiac failure}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Neurogenic}} Shock involves {{c1::disruption of the sympathetic nervous system causing abnormal vasodilation and pooling of blood}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c2::Cardiogenic}} Shock occurs when {{c1::the heart is not able to get the blood around the body to the tissue}}
Published	02/10/2024	Stroke Volume involves three components: {{c1::Preload}} — {{c1::Contractility}} — {{c1::Afterload}}
Published	02/10/2024	Subtypes of Neurological Faliure {{c1::Metabolic: e.g. electrolyte disturbance, acute renal faliure}} {{c1::Trauma: e.g. Injury to the head}} {{c1::In…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Type {{c2::1}} Respiratory Failure is via {{c1::Oxygen Replacement Therapy}}
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Type {{c2::2}} Respiratory Failure is via {{c1::Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Severe Respiratory Failure is via {{c1::Ventilation}} and {{c1::intubation}}
Published	02/10/2024	Initial Approach to Cardiovascular Failure is via[1] {{c1::Insertion of Arterial catheter (Allows: Measure BP + Repeated ABGs)}}[2] {{c…
Published	02/10/2024	First-line Drug Approach to Cardiovascular Failure is via {{c1::Vasopressors (e.g. metaraminol, noradrenaline)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second-line Drug Approach to Cardiovascular Failure is via {{c1::Inotropes and Chronotropes (e.g. adrenaline, dobutamine)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of Vasopressors (e.g. metaraminol, noradrenaline) {{c1::causes vasoconstriction and increasing venous return}} {{c1::increase…
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of Inotropes and Chronotropes (e.g. adrenaline, dobutamine) {{c1::increases contractility and heart rate}}
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Neurological Failure is via {{c1::Airway Management}}, {{c1::Ventilation (↑ O2 & ↓ CO2)}}, and {{c1::Fluids}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Urination}} is a good marker of the patient’s volume and haemodynamic status
Published	02/10/2024	In Critical Care, fluids are usually given {{c1::250}}-{{c1::500}} mls a loadConcern is in patients with {{c2::chronic heart failure}}
Published	02/10/2024	In Critical Care, fluids are given in {{c1::Crystalloid}} form rather than {{c1::Colloid}} form to minimise risk of {{c2::renal failure}}
Published	02/10/2024	Usage of too much 0.8% crystalloid fluid e.g. Dextrose can cause {{c1::metabolic acidosis}}
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