Notes in 16GI1

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Villi 1. SI 2. LI{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Crypts 1. SI 2. LI{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	The{{c1::Upper esophageal sphincterUpper 1/3 esophagusExternal anal sphincter::3}}Are made out of striated muscle
Published	07/30/2024	GIT Layers{{c1::Muscosa (innermost)SubmucosaMuscularis propia/externaSerosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	[GIT layer]Has muscularis mucosae{{c1::Mucosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	[GIT layer]Has Meissner's plexus (SSS){{c1::Submucosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	[GIT layer]Has major blood and lymphatic vessels{{c1::Submucosa}}
Published	07/30/2024	[GIT layer]Has Myenteric/Auerbach's plexus (MMA){{c1::Muscularis propia/externa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Muscle layers of the Muscularis externa{{c1::Inner circular muscle, outer longitudinal muscle}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Signal travel velocity 1. Length of muscle bundles 2. sideways{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]Enteroendocrine Cell (EEC){{c1::Endocrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]Histamine{{c1::Paracrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]Serotonin (5-HT){{c1::Paracrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]inflammatory mediators (histamine, cytokines, PG, LTs){{c1::Paracrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]CCK, Secretin, Peptide YY, GLP{{c1::Paracrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]Adenosine, NO{{c1::Paracrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify GI regulation mechanism]AcH{{c1::Neurocrine}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Histamine 2. HCl secretion{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Serotonin (5-HT) 2. Smooth muscle function{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Serotonin (5-HT) 2. H2O absorption across GI wall{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	2 Types of electrical activity in the GIT{{c1::Slow wave potential/BERSpike potentials/AP}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Slow wave potential/BER 2. Muscle contraction{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Slow wave potential/BER 2. Muscle contraction in the stomach{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	RMP of slow wave potential/BER{{c1::-50 to -60 mV}}
Published	07/30/2024	RMP of Spike potentials/AP{{c1::more positive than -40 mV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Slow wave potential/BER rate in the Stomach{{c1::3}}/min
Published	07/30/2024	Slow wave potential/BER rate in the duodenum{{c1::12}}/min
Published	07/30/2024	Slow wave potential/BER rate in the ileum{{c1::8-9}}/min
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Interstitial cells of Cajal}} interact with smooth muscle to produce BER
Published	07/30/2024	Interstitial cells of Cajal are in a thin layer between the {{c1::circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the muscularis externa}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. slow wave potential height 2. Spike potential frequency{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Ach 2. Spike potential{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Substance P 2. Spike potential{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. NO 2. Spike potential{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. VIP 2. Spike potential{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Muscle stretching 2. Spike potential{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Any SNS hormone 2. Spike potential{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tonic contraction is caused by BER [T/F]{{c1::F. Tonic contraction is caused by repetitive spike potentials or hormones w/o spike potentials}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Neurons 1. ENS 2. Spinal cord{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Myenteric/Auerbach's}} plexus ({{c1::MMA}}) is a linear chain of interconnecting neurons along the {{c2::whole GIT between the longitudinal and …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Submucosal/Meissner's}} plexus ({{c1::SSS}}) is in the {{c2::submucosa of the intestines}} only
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 2. Sphincter tone{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Submucosal/Meissner's}} plexus causes infolding of the GI mucosa
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] GIT coverage 1. PNS 2. SNS{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Direct/Active GIT innervation 1. PNS 2. SNS{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. Submucosal muscle{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. Mucosal muscle movement{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. SNS 2. GI vasoconstriction{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Secretion{{c1::Integrated}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Peristalsis{{c1::Integrated}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Mixing{{c1::Integrated}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Local inhibition{{c1::Integrated}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Gastrocolic reflex{{c1::Gut -> prevertebral sympathetic ganglia -> GI}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Enterogastric reflex{{c1::Gut -> prevertebral sympathetic ganglia -> GI}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Colonoileal reflex{{c1::Gut -> prevertebral sympathetic ganglia -> GI}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Pain{{c1::Gut -> spinal cord/brain stem -> GI}}
Published	07/30/2024	[What type of reflex]Defecation{{c1::Gut -> spinal cord/brain stem -> GI}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gastrin Stimuli{{c1::Protein products Distention Gastrin-releasing peptide from Vagal stimulation::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cholecystokinin (CCK) Stimuli{{c1::Protein Fat products Acid::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Secretin Stimuli{{c1::Acid Fat::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Motilin Stimuli{{c1::Fasting (Nervous) Fat Acid::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) Stimuli{{c1::Carbs Fats::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide/Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) Stimuli{{c1::Carbs Fat Protein::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of gastrin{{c1::+ ECL and Parietal cell Gastric acid secretion + Gastric mucosal growth::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of Cholecystokinin (CCK){{c1::+ Gallbladder contraction + Pancreatic enzyme secretion -Gastric emptying and acid secretion -Appetite through af…
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of Secretin{{c1::+ Pancreatic HCO3- secretion -Gastric emptying and acid secretion::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of Motilin{{c1::+ Gastric and intestinal smooth muscle::1}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1){{c1::Endocrine pancreas + Insulin release and - glucagon release inhibition + gastric acid secretion::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	Effect of Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide/Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP){{c1::+ Pancreatic Beta cell Insulin release -Gastric emptying::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Myenteric plexus is polarized in the {{c1::anal}} direction
Published	07/30/2024	Serous Salivary glands{{c1::Parotid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mucosal Salivary glands{{c1::Sublingual}}
Published	07/30/2024	Mixed Salivary glands{{c1::Submandibular}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Tonicity 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Saliva has a pH of {{c1::8}} during active secretion
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Salivary secretion 1. PNS 2. SNS{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Na Content when at rest 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Na Content when at maximal flow rate 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cl Content when at maximal flow rate 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] HCO3 Content when at maximal flow rate 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] K Content when at maximal flow rate 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] K Content when at rest 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] HCO3 Content when at rest 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Cl Content when at rest 1. Saliva 2. Plasma{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Oral voluntary stage: Tongue rolls the bolus intro the {{c1::oropharynx}}
Published	07/30/2024	Shortest phase of deglutition{{c1::Pharyngeal stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	In what stage of degluttition does primary and secondary peristalsis happen?{{c1::Esophageal stage}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Vagovagal}} reflex is when the stomach is distended leading to relaxation
Published	07/30/2024	When food is in the stomach, weak peristaltic constrictor waves called {{c1::mixing}} waves begin in the mid-upper portions to the antrum caused by {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Stomach empties by the intense contraction of the {{c1::antrum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Basal gastric acid secretion 1. Night 2. Day{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Phases of gastric acid secretion and percent of total gastric acid covered{{c1::Cephalic phase (30%)Gastric phase (60%)Intestinal phase (10%)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cephalic phase gastric acid secretion is via the {{c1::vagus nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which gastric acid secretion phase is dictated by1. Nervous mechanisms2. Hormonal mechanisms{{c1::Intestinal phase}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which gastric acid secretion phase is dictated by1. local nervous secretory reflexes2. Vagal reflexes3. Gastrin-histamine stimulation{{c1::Gastric pha…
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Chyme osmolarity 2. Pyloric pump inhibition{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Fat 2. Pyloric pump inhibition{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Gastric motor activity pattern when fasting is called the {{c1::migrating myoelectric complex (MMC)}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Gastric emptying time 1. Liquids 2. Solids{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Gastric emptying time 1. Hot 2. Cold{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Gastric emptying time 1. Proteins 2. Fats{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Atropine 2. SI movement{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Irritation of the intestines may cause {{c1::peristaltic rush}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Gastroileal}} reflex intesifies {{c2::ileal peristalsis}} after a meal
Published	07/30/2024	CCK, gastrin, insulin, and serotonin {{c1::increase}} intestinal motility
Published	07/30/2024	Added chyme to the duodenum {{c1::increases}} peristaltic activity to spread chyme
Published	07/30/2024	Cecal distention makes ileocecal sphincter have a {{c1::more}} intense contraction
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]Highest resting pressure{{c1::Upper esophageal Sphincter separates esophagus from mouth}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]Prevents gastroesophageal reflux{{c1::Lower Esophageal Sphincter separates esophagus from stomach}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]Poor barrier{{c1::Pyloric Sphincter separates antrum from duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]Prevents duodenal gastric reflux{{c1::Pyloric Sphincter separates antrum from duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]Regulates gastric emptying{{c1::Pyloric Sphincter separates antrum from duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[Identify sphincter]High resting pressure of the overall anal sphincter{{c1::Internal Anal Sphincter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Distention of rectum initiates the {{c1::restosphincteric}} reflex by relaxing the IAR
Status	Last Update	Fields