Notes in CHEM 332

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Published	01/07/2025	what is the central dogma?
Published	01/07/2025	what do the following terms mean: haploid, diploid, tetraploid.
Published	01/07/2025	name 3 organisms that are haploid
Published	01/07/2025	what organisms are diploid?
Published	01/07/2025	name two groups of organisms that are tetraploid
Published	01/07/2025	how does sexual reproduction in diploid species distribute genes from the parents? how was this discovered?
Published	01/07/2025	what is an allele?
Published	01/07/2025	what leads to the colour of peas being yellow vs green?
Published	01/07/2025	what is a genotype?
Published	01/07/2025	what is a phenotype?
Published	01/07/2025	how can you determine which allele is dominant vs recessive knowing the phenotype & genotype?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the 3 domains of life?
Published	01/07/2025	Wich domains of life are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? What is the distinguishing feature between these groups?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the LUCA?
Published	01/07/2025	list 4 types of eukaryotes
Published	01/07/2025	How is DNA organized in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes?
Published	01/07/2025	what kind of DNA do bacterias possess?
Published	01/07/2025	what is conjugation in bacteria?
Published	01/07/2025	what is transformation (bacteria)?
Published	01/07/2025	how do viruses infect bacteria? what are these viruses called?
Published	01/07/2025	describe the lytic cycle
Published	01/07/2025	describe the lysogenic cycle
Published	01/07/2025	how is eukaryotic DNA divided?
Published	01/07/2025	in diploid eukaryotes, are gametes haploid or diploid? how does fertilization create a diploid zygote?
Published	01/07/2025	how many chromosomes do prokaryotes have?
Published	01/07/2025	give examples of eukaryotes that are unicellular
Published	01/07/2025	give an example of a prokaryote that is multicellular
Published	01/07/2025	what are the average cell sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Published	01/07/2025	name 3 distinguishing features between animal and plant cells
Published	01/07/2025	what are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria? how can we make this disinction?
Published	01/07/2025	what are two distinguishing characteristics for viruses?
Published	01/07/2025	what are phages?
Published	01/07/2025	list 4 advantages for bacteriophages as drugs
Published	01/07/2025	list 4 disadvantages of bacteriophages as drugs
Published	01/07/2025	what is biotechnology?
Published	01/07/2025	how many genes & pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the average lifespan of a human and length of one generation?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the full name for E. coli? Where is it found?
Published	01/07/2025	describe the genome of E. coli
Published	01/07/2025	is E. coli gram positive or negative? what is one defining characteristic?
Published	01/07/2025	what are the main qualities of E. coli that make them great basic model organisms for bacterium?
Published	01/07/2025	what is used as the model organism for bacterium (prokaryote)
Published	01/07/2025	what is used as the model organism for Fungus (eukaryote)
Published	01/07/2025	What is S. cerevisiae?
Published	01/07/2025	how does S. cerevisiae reproduce? are they haploid or diploid?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the ascus and why is it important in sporulation of S. cerevisiae?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the model organism for plants (eukaryote)?
Published	01/07/2025	Why is A. thaliana used as a model organism for plants?
Published	01/07/2025	How many chromosomes and genes do A. thaliana have?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the model organism for invertebrate animals?
Published	01/07/2025	what are the two forms of C. elegans?
Published	01/07/2025	why are C. elegans good model organisms for invertebrates?
Published	01/07/2025	how many chromosomes and genes do C. elegans have?
Published	01/07/2025	how many chromosomes and genes do S. cerevisiae have?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the model organism for invertebrates?
Published	01/07/2025	how many chromosomes and genes do D. melanogaster have?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the qualities of D. melanogaster that make them model organisms?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the model organism for vertebrate animals?
Published	01/07/2025	How many chromosomes and genes do M. musculus have?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the characteristics that make M. musculus a good model organism?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the purpose of the nucleolus and where is it within the cell?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the purpose of chromatin and where is it located in eukaryotic cells?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the purpose of the cytosol in eukaryotic cells?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the function of the golgi apparatus in the eukaryotic cell?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the function of the mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell?
Published	01/07/2025	why does the mitochondria have its own genes?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Published	01/07/2025	what is gluconeogensis?
Published	01/07/2025	what  is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the function of ribosomes? where are they located within eukaryotic cells?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the function of vacuoles in the eukaryotic cell?
Published	01/07/2025	name two types of vacuoles
Published	01/07/2025	what is the function of centrioles in the eukaryotic cell?
Published	01/07/2025	what is the purpose of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?
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