Notes in 01_Substance Misuse

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Published	02/10/2024	Two Mechanisms of Substance Misuse {{c1::Tolerance (basis of physical dependence)}} {{c1::Reward centre (basis of psychological craving)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Tolerance is {{c1::reduced responsiveness to a drug caused by previous administration, causing a person to require a higher dosage}}
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of Tolerance-developing Drugs {{c1::Opioids}} {{c1::Ethanol}} {{c1::Barbiturates}} {{c1::Benzodiazepines}}
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanisms of Tolerance{{c1::Less drug reaching the active site (Dispositional tolerance)}}{{c1::Drug has less action at the active site (Pharmacodyna…
Published	02/10/2024	The withdrawal effect of a drug is usually the {{c1::reverse}} of its acute effect
Published	02/10/2024	The reward pathway involves neurones projecting from the {{c1::ventral tegmental area (VTA)}} to the {{c2::nucleus accumbens}} and {{c2::prefrontal co…
Published	02/10/2024	Drugs that act on The Reward Pathway producing Craving {{c1::Heroin}} increases firing rate of dopaminergic neurones {{c1::Amphetamine}} increases dop…
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of Stimulant Drugs{{c1::Cocaine}}{{c1::Amphetamine}}{{c1::Methamphetamine}}{{c1::Methylphenidate}}
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of Cocaine{{c1::monoamine reuptake inhibitor (i.e. dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Risks of Cocaine Usage {{c1::Damage to nose and airways}} {{c1::Convulsions with respiratory failure}} {{c1::Cardiac arrhythmia and MI}} {{c1::Hyperte…
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of Opiates{{c1::Opium}}{{c1::Morphine}}{{c1::Heroin (Diamorphine)}}{{c1::Methadone}}{{c1::Codeine and Dihydrocodeine}}
Published	02/10/2024	Mechanism of Action of Heroin{{c1::Opiod agonist that acts prinicipally via Mu receptors, also acts on delta and kappa receptors}}
Published	02/10/2024	Common Physiological Effects of Heroin include {{c1::Analgesia}}, {{c1::Pin-point pupils}}, and {{c1::Euphoria}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome}}{{c1::Craving}}{{c1::Increased salivary, nasal, and lacrimal secretions}}{{c1::Marked dilated pupils…
Published	02/10/2024	Cannabis is made up of two main active agents {{c1::Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)}} and {{c1::Cannabidiol (CBD)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Drugs that are commonly misused and abused{{c1::Stimulant Drugs e.g. cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine}}{{c1::Opiates e.g. morphine, heroin, metha…
Published	02/10/2024	Approach to Substance Misuse{{c1::Biopsychosocial treatment with therapy with a strong emphasis on risk reduction}}
Published	02/10/2024	Questions to Approach Substance Misuse{{c1::Identify the drug used or combination of drugs}}{{c1::Is the method of usage harmful or hazardous?}}{{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	Drug used to Revive {{c2::Heroine}} Overdose is {{c1::Naloxone}}
Published	02/10/2024	Drug used for Maintenance of Heroin Craving is {{c1::Long-term Methadone}}
Published	02/10/2024	Long-term usage of Methadone instead of Heroin allows normalisation of lifestyle as it has a {{c1::longer half life}} and reduces {{c1::IV misuse}}
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