Notes in 11Cytology

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cytology}} is the examination of a single cell typeSpecimens are obtained mechanically by:{{c2::Scrapings/Needle Aspirates}}{{c2::Collection of …
Published	07/30/2024	HISTOLOGYCYTOLOGYSpecimen {{c1::solid}}{{c1::fluid}}Material{{c2::tissue}}{{c2::cells}}Complications{{c3::Uncommon}}{{c3::Rare}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exfoliative Cytology::Main Branch of Cytology}}- It also includes the study of those cells that have been collected by scraping the tissue surfa…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Exfoliative Cytology::Main Branch of Cytology}}- the microscopic examination of shed or desquamated cells from the epithelial surface usually th…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Aspiration Cytology::Main Branch of Cytology}}- entails using a narrow gauge (25-22G) needle to collect a sample of a lesion for microscopi…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Aspiration Cytology::Main Branch of Cytology}}- allows a minimally invasive, rapid diagnosis of tissue but does NOT preserve its histological ar…
Published	07/30/2024	Papanicolau Smears are long-established screening test for {{c1::cervical carcinoma}}
Published	07/30/2024	EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY (NON-GYNECOLOGICAL SAMPLES) {{c1::Respiratory/Exfoliatiive Cytology}} o Bronchial washing o Sputum o Broncho…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Washing}}performed by instilling a sterile solution (usually saline) into targeted areas of the body
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Brushing}}uses a brush to get samples from the part of the body you want to examine
Published	07/30/2024	Bronchial Washing & Bronchial Brushing both use a {{c1::bronchoscope}} inserted through the {{c2::nose}} or {{c2::mouth}} to visual…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bronchial Washing}}  a mild salt or saline solution is injected to wash over the surfaces of the airways (or bronchi in particular) → suc…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bronchial Brushing}}  a brush is inserted and swabbed to take cells from inside the airway mucosa and is then pulled out again  …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Broncheoalveolar Lavage}} Also instills saline into the large airways or bronchial tubes and even the smaller airways (that is why bronchoa…
Published	07/30/2024	Aspiration Cytology includes {{c1::Palpable}} and {{c1::Non-palpable}} lesions
Published	07/30/2024	Gauge size used for FNAB: {{c1::Gauge 23}}
Published	07/30/2024	Techniques for Palpable Lesions{{c1::syringe holder/gun}}{{c1::only a syringe}}{{c1::french/zajdela technique}}
Published	07/30/2024	Common negative pressure when using syringe in palpable lesions:{{c1::2-3cm negative pressure in a 10mL syringe}}
Published	07/30/2024	Technique for palpable lesions that uses a needle only: {{c1::French/Zajdela Technique}}
Published	07/30/2024	The French/Zajelda Technique gets cells from the mass purely through {{c1::capillary pressure}}. Downside of this technique is that it is {{c2::diffic…
Published	07/30/2024	FNAB of non-palpable lesions are usually done with the help of {{c1::image analysis}}. A Fine needle aspiration (FNA) procedure is performed in a…
Published	07/30/2024	As FNA begins, the doctor asks the patient NOT to swallow or talk so that the {{c1::thyroid}} does not move
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::EXFOLIATIVE::BRANCH OF CYTOLOGY}} Samples represent cells that exfoliate from superficial or deep serosal or mucosal surfaces
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::ASPIRATION::BRANCH OF CYTOLOGY}} Samples are acquired via aspirating cellular material using a fine needle to make a diagnosis  …
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONSWays of putting specimen on the slide:{{c1::touch imprints}}{{c1::smears}}{{c1::squash}}
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONSSlides should be immediately immersed in {{c1::fixative}} if {{c2::H&E}} or {{c2::Pap Smear}} staining is planned  …
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONS{{c1::Airdrying}} the slides can result in artifactual error or result in cells bloating or looking abnormally enlarged&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONS{{c1::Touch Imprints}}: useful for highly cellular specimens that exfoliate easily This includes:{{c2::Lymph Nodes}}{{c…
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONS{{c1::Touch Imprints}}: Can be used for specimens too small or too fragmented to be scraped to create smear preparations&nbs…
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONS{{c1::Smears}}: Useful for less cellular or sclerotic lesions
Published	07/30/2024	CYTOLOGIC PREPARATIONS{{c1::Squash}}: Generally, only applicable for {{c2::soft tissue}}; Used when there is often too little tissue for smear pre…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Cell Block}} Paraffin-embedded specimen derived from different fluids and aspirated materials
Published	07/30/2024	Cell Block aka {{c1::Microbiopsy}} Used with {{c2::smears}} as an adjunct for establishing a more definitive cytopathologic diagnosi…
Published	07/30/2024	Cell Block PreparationMost used method: {{c1::centrifuge method}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cell Block Preparation Terminology{{c1::Sediment}} - solid material that sinks to the bottom of the tube {{c1::Supernatant}} - …
Published	07/30/2024	Ultimate goal of cytology: {{c1::get a primary diagnosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Specimens that are difficult to diagnose on cytology:{{c1::well-differentiated tumors}}{{c1::reactive mesothelial cell versus well-differentiated meso…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Paucicellular lesions::lesions with few cells}} are not amenable to cytologic examinations
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Desmoplastic stroma}} - Reaction of stroma to tumor cells, becoming sclerotic and stony hard
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