Notes in 1 Proteins and Amino Acids

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Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Proteins}} are naturally-occurring {{c2::unbranched::branched/unbranched}} polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids
Published	07/30/2024	At least {{c1::40::(number)}} amino acid residues are present in a protein
Published	07/30/2024	A protein which contains one polypeptide chain is called {{c1::monomeric}}
Published	07/30/2024	A protein which contains two or more polypeptide chains is called {{c1::multimeric}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:Is purely composed of amino acid residuesClassification: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:A prosthetic group is presentClassification: {{c1::Conjugat…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:Has a non-amino-acid organic or inorganic componentClassificatio…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:Has a lipid prosthetic groupClassification: {{c1::Lipoprote…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:Has a carbohydrate prosthetic groupClassification: {{c1::Gl…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on chemical composition given the following:Has a specific metal as its prosthetic groupClassification:&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Presents only the order in which the amino acids are linked together in a proteinProtein St…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:First protein structure sequence was insulinProtein Structure: {{c1::Primary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Protein Structure: {{c1::Primary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Human and porcine insulin differs in amino acid chain {{c1::B::A or B}} at position number {{c1::30}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the amino acid residues present in human insulin at the following positions:Chain A #8: {{c1::Thr}}Chain A #9: {{c1::Ser}}Chain A #…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the amino acid residues present in porcine insulin at the following positions:Chain A #8: {{c1::Thr}}Chain A #9: {{c1::Ser}}Chain A…
Published	07/30/2024	Cis-trans isomerism is {{c1::possible::possible/impossible}} at the C-N bond of a peptide linkage
Published	07/30/2024	Given two amino acid linked through a peptide bond, the number of atoms that lie in the same plane is {{c1::six}}
Published	07/30/2024	The preferred enantiomeric orientation at peptide linkages is {{c1::trans isomerism}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Divided into alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet typesProtein Structure: {{c1::Secondar…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:single protein chain resembles a coiled springProtein Structure: {{c1::Alpha Helix (Se…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Coil configuration is maintained by hydrogen bondsProtein Structure: {{c1::Alpha Helix…
Published	07/30/2024	In the alpha helix structure of proteins:Hydrogen bonds that maintain the coiled configuration happens between what entities?{{c1::C=O and N…
Published	07/30/2024	In the alpha helix structure of proteins:The amino acid R groups extend {{c1::outwards::inwards/outwards}} from the spiral.
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Primary bond responsible for the stability is intramolecular (intrachain bonds) and intermo…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Presents the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein between AA R groups that are wi…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Stabilizing interactions include: Covalent disulfide bondsElectrostatic Attractions (Salt B…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Results from interactions between R groups widely separated from each otherProtein Structur…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of tertiary protein stabilizing interactions given the following:Covalent, strongest, and involves cysteine unitsType of Interaction…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of tertiary protein stabilizing interactions given the following:Involves charged side chains of acidic and basic amino acidsType of…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of tertiary protein stabilizing interactions given the following:Involves amino acids with polar R groupsType of Interaction: {…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of tertiary protein stabilizing interactions given the following:Involves proximal nonpolar side chainsType of Interaction: {{c…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of tertiary protein stabilizing interactions given the following:Found buried in a nonaqueous environment within the proteinType of …
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Highest level of structure of a myoglobinProtein Structure: {{c1::Tertiary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Highest level of protein organizationProtein Structure: {{c1::Quaternary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Involves multimeric proteinsProtein Structure: {{c1::Quaternary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Involves two or more subunitsProtein Structure: {{c1::Quaternary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:Highest level of structure of a hemoglobinProtein Structure: {{c1::Quaternary}}
Published	07/30/2024	Quaternary protein structures have an {{c1::even::odd/even}} number of subunits
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the reaction given the following:Reverse of peptide bond formationReaction: {{c1::Protein Hydrolysis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the reaction given the following:Disruption of the tertiary protein structureReaction: {{c1::Protein Denaturation}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the reaction given the following:loss of solubility or precipitation out of biochemical solution from protein denaturationReaction: {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Fever temperature of above {{c1::106}}F or {{c1::41}}C can lead to denaturation of body enzymes
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Form thread-like linear structures, forms macromolecular aggregates to form hai…
Published	07/30/2024	Fibrous proteins are water {{c1::insoluble::soluble/insoluble}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Elongated shape.Protein Classification: {{c1::Fibrous}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Single type of secondary structureProtein Classification: {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Spherical in shape.Protein Classification: {{c1::Globular}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Hydrophobic amino acid residues are in the protein coreProtein Classi…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on shape given the following:Associated with cell membranesProtein Classification: {{c1::Memb…
Published	07/30/2024	Globular proteins are water {{c1::soluble::soluble/insoluble}}
Published	07/30/2024	Membrane proteins are water {{c1::insoluble::soluble/insoluble}}
Published	07/30/2024	The tensile strength of alpha keratin is due to:{{c1::Intertwining of alpha helical molecules of a-keratin}}
Published	07/30/2024	The most abundant protein in humans is {{c1::collagen}}
Published	07/30/2024	The predominant protein structure of collagen is {{c1::triple helix}}
Published	07/30/2024	The three amino acid residues present in the triple helix structure of collagen are {{c1::glycine, lysine, proline}}
Published	07/30/2024	One hemoglobin molecule can bind with up to {{c1::four::(number)}} oxygen molecule(s)
Published	07/30/2024	The atom of the heme prosthetic group that interacts with oxygen in hemoglobin is {{c1::Fe2+ (Reduced Form of Fe)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The number of polypeptide chains present in hemoglobin is {{c1::four}}
Published	07/30/2024	The number of polypeptide chains present in myoglobin is {{c1::one}}
Published	07/30/2024	The oxygen-storage molecule in muscles is {{c1::myoglobin}}
Published	07/30/2024	One myoglobin molecule can bind with up to {{c1::one::(number)}} oxygen molecule(s)
Published	07/30/2024	Myoglobin has a {{c1::higher::higher/lower}} affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Lowers the activation energy of reactionsProtein Classification:&n…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Central to immune system functionProtein Classification: {{c1…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Bind to small biomolecules to transport or release them as neededP…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Transferin and Cerruloplasmin are examples of itProtein Classifica…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Hormones are classified under this type.Protein Classification:&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Actin and Myosin are under this type.Protein Classification: …
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Necessary for cellular division, especially in pulling the cell ou…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Confers protection, stiffness, rigidity; like that in Collagen &am…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Control the movement of small molecules and ions through the cell …
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Ferritin and Myoglobin are classified under this typeProtein Class…
Published	07/30/2024	Ferritin and Transferin only carry the {{c1::Fe3+::Fe2+ or Fe3+ }} type of iron
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Serves as sites for receptor moleculesProtein Classification:&nbsp…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Control enzymatic actionProtein Classification: {{c1::Regulat…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Found on the exterior surface of cell membranesProtein Classificat…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Important in early stages of life. Found in food.Protein Clas…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Casein and ovalbumin are classified under this typeProtein Classif…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Part of the system maintaining acid-base balanceProtein Classifica…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Part of the system maintaining fluid balance between blood and sur…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the protein classification based on function given the following:Albumin is classified under this typeProtein Classification: …
Published	07/30/2024	Deficiency in the {{c1::albumin}} protein can lead to third space fluid accumulation known as {{c1::edema}}
Published	07/30/2024	Edema reaching up to the level of the abdomen is called {{c1::ascites}}
Published	07/30/2024	Edema generalizing throughout the entire body is called {{c1::anasarca}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein given the following:Blood group markers of the ABO systemProtein: {{c1::Glycoprotein::Glycoprotein/Lipoprotein/Metal…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein given the following:Immunoglobulins are classified under this typeProtein: {{c1::Glycoprotein::Glycoprotein/Lipoprot…
Published	07/30/2024	An {{c1::antigen}} is a foreign substance that invades the human body
Published	07/30/2024	An {{c1::antibody}} is a biochemical molecule that counteracts antigens
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::amino::amino/carboxyl}} end is where the immunoglobulin antigen binding site is located
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::amino::amino/carboxyl}} end is found in both immunoglobulin heavy and light chains
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::carboxyl::amino/carboxyl}} end is found on the disulfide bonds connecting heavy and light chains
Published	07/30/2024	The joining chain of Ig heavy chains are {{c1::two disulfide bonds}}
Published	07/30/2024	The joining chain of Ig light chains are {{c1::disulfide bonds}}
Published	07/30/2024	The active form of IgA is the {{c1::dimerized IgA}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pentameric immunoglobulin connected by joining chains is {{c1::Igμ}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antigen binding on immunoglobulins occurs through what bonding interactions?{{c1::Hydrophobic InteractionsDipole-Dipole InteractionsHydrogen Bond…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein given the following:suspends lipids to transport them through the bloodstreamProtein: {{c1::Lipoprotein::Glycoprotei…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the class of plasma lipoprotein given the following:Transports dietary TAGs from intestine to liver and to adiposeClass: {{c1::Chyl…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of class of plasma lipoprotein given the following:Biggest lipoproteinClass: {{c1::Chylomicrons}}
Published	07/30/2024	Chylomicrons will travel through the {{c1::lymphatic lacteals::portal vessels/lymphatic lacteals}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Carries endogenously-produced TAGsType: {{c1::VLDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:TAGs are transported from the liver to the adipose tissueType: {{c1::VLDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Cholesterol transport from the liver to cells of the bodyType: {{c1::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Increases the risk of ROS formation and plaquesType: {{c1::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Typically referred to as 'bad cholesterol'Type: {{c1::LDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Typically referred to as 'good cholesterol'Type: {{c1::HDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Collect excess cholesterol from body tissues and transport it to the liver for degradat…
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of lipoprotein given the following:Lack of this lipoprotein can increase the risk of steatorrheaType: {{c1::HDL}}
Published	07/30/2024	Proteins are the most abundant substances in cells after
Published	07/30/2024	Elemental composition of proteins
Published	07/30/2024	Distinguishes amino acids from each other
Published	07/30/2024	Found in alpha-amino acids
Published	07/30/2024	Parts of an amino acid
Published	07/30/2024	How many known amino acids are there
Published	07/30/2024	How many standard alpha-AAs are there
Published	07/30/2024	Types of standard alpha AAs and how many of each
Published	07/30/2024	feature of the R group of a polar acidic AA
Published	07/30/2024	feature of the R group of a polar basic AA
Published	07/30/2024	Standard alpha AA found in interior of proteins where there is no polarity (Hydrophobic)
Published	07/30/2024	Standard alpha AA w/ R either acidic or basic depending on solution pH
Published	07/30/2024	Most water soluble type of standard alpha-AA
Published	07/30/2024	What type of standard AA is Tryptophan/W/Trp
Published	07/30/2024	Standard alpha AA in solution at physiological pH, R bears a - charge
Published	07/30/2024	Standard alpha AA in solution at physiological pH, R bears a + charge
Published	07/30/2024	Exceptions to the 3 letter codes using the first 3 letters
Published	07/30/2024	1 letter codes using the first letter but the less abundant AA gets it first [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Phenylalanine (F) turns into Tyrosine (Y) when
Published	07/30/2024	When Phenylalanine (F) is hydroxylated, it turns into
Published	07/30/2024	AA precursor for catecholamines, melanin, and thyroid hormones
Published	07/30/2024	Function of Methionine (M) in DNA
Published	07/30/2024	What can tryptophan (W) turn into
Published	07/30/2024	AA that serves as a precursor to NO vasodilator
Published	07/30/2024	Nicotine and sublingual patches have
Published	07/30/2024	Standard AAs that are obtained by eating because body cannot synthesize them
Published	07/30/2024	What are the Essential AAs
Published	07/30/2024	contains all of the essential AAs in the same relative amounts in which the body needs them.
Published	07/30/2024	Animal Complete Dietary protein
Published	07/30/2024	Plant Complete Dietary protein
Published	07/30/2024	essential AA that is missing, or present in inadequate amounts, in an incomplete dietary protein.
Published	07/30/2024	2 or more incomplete dietary proteins that, when combined, provide an adequate amount of all  essential AAs relative to the body’s needs
Published	07/30/2024	does not contain adequate amounts, relative to the body’s needs, of one or more of the essential AAs
Published	07/30/2024	Animal Incomplete Dietary protein and limiting AA
Published	07/30/2024	Plant Incomplete Dietary protein and limiting AA
Published	07/30/2024	Only AA w/o a chiral C
Published	07/30/2024	Only 2 AAs w/ 2 chiral centers (4 stereoisomers)
Published	07/30/2024	What type of isomers are AAs
Published	07/30/2024	Fischer projection positioning rulesCarboxyl group is {{c1::on top}}R is {{c1::at the bottom}}Amino group is {{c1::to the left (L isomer)}}
Published	07/30/2024	What to AAs look like when pure
Published	07/30/2024	AAs can melt [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	AAs are not soluble in H2O [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	Alpha-AAs exist as what in solution and solid state
Published	07/30/2024	has a + charge on one atom and a - charge on another atom, but which has no net charge
Published	07/30/2024	AAs have low melting points [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	What does an AA do with a proton in acidic solution
Published	07/30/2024	What does an AA do with a proton in basic solution
Published	07/30/2024	In a solution, how many forms of Neutral AAs exist
Published	07/30/2024	In a solution, how many forms of Acidic/Basic AAs exist
Published	07/30/2024	In histidine/His/H, what group deprotonates first
Published	07/30/2024	In lysine/Lys/K, what group deprotonates first
Published	07/30/2024	In Arginine/Arg/R, what group deprotonates first
Published	07/30/2024	pH which an AA exists in zwitterion form (99%); different for every AA
Published	07/30/2024	Isoelectric point ofBasic AA: {{c1::Higher}}Nonpolar/Polar neutral AA: {{c1::4.8-6.3}}Acidic AA: {{c1::Lower}}
Published	07/30/2024	AA w/ sulfhydryl group
Published	07/30/2024	How do you form a Cysteine/Cys/C dimer
Published	07/30/2024	How do you break a Cysteine/Cys/C dimer
Published	07/30/2024	What type of bond is there in a Cysteine/Cys/C dimer
Published	07/30/2024	unbranched chains of amino acids
Published	07/30/2024	Peptide w/ 10-20 AAs
Published	07/30/2024	Long unbranched chain of AAs
Published	07/30/2024	portion of the AA that remains after creation of a peptide bond
Published	07/30/2024	Covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one AA to the amino group of another AA along with condensation
Published	07/30/2024	When making peptide structures, in what directions are the N-terminal end and the C-terminal end pointing to
Published	07/30/2024	Is the R group part of the peptide backbone?
Published	07/30/2024	Using peptide nomenclature, what's teh name for this: Ala-leu-gly
Published	07/30/2024	Which AA won't have an -ine or -ic in the end when it is the last AA
Published	07/30/2024	Peptides w/ same AA but in different orders, thus different properties
Published	07/30/2024	How do you calculate how many isomeric peptides there are for a peptide
Published	07/30/2024	How many AAs are there in oxytocin
Published	07/30/2024	How many AAs are there in Vasopressin
Published	07/30/2024	between which AAs are is the disulfide located in oxytocin and vasopressin
Published	07/30/2024	In which AAs to oxytocin and vasopressin differ
Published	07/30/2024	What are the AAs in position 3 and 8 for oxytocin
Published	07/30/2024	What are the AAs in position 3 and 8 for vasopressin
Published	07/30/2024	Attach to brain receptors to reduce pain
Published	07/30/2024	Responsible for the runner's high and acupuncture
Published	07/30/2024	Where do the 2 well known enkephalins differ
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Met}}-enkephalin: {{c2::Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (Y-G-G-F-M)}} {{c1::Leu}}-enkephalin: {{c2::Try-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu (Y-G-G-F-L)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Short term pain relief due to easy hydrolysis of the peptide bond compared to morphine and codeine
Published	07/30/2024	Gluthathione component AAs
Published	07/30/2024	In gluthathione, Glu/E, an acidic AA, is bonded to Cys/C through the {{c1::side-chain carboxyl}} group rather than through its {{c1::a-carbon carboxyl…
Published	07/30/2024	How many subunits does insulin have
Published	07/30/2024	How many chains do Proinsulin and Mature insulin have respectively
Published	07/30/2024	Do humans have a bigger alergic reaction to prcine or bovine insulin
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:arrangement in space adopted by the backbone portion of a protein by H bondsProtein Structu…
Published	07/30/2024	Alpha-helix secondary structure spins which way?
Published	07/30/2024	The H bonds between C=O and N-H of an alpha-helix secondary structure are parallel to the
Published	07/30/2024	In an alpha-helix secondary structure, 1 turn contains how many AA residues?
Published	07/30/2024	Wool is stretchable because it contains which secondary structure?
Published	07/30/2024	Identify the type of protein structure given the following:two fully extended protein chain segments in the same (Intrachain bonds), which needs sever…
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