Notes in 22AppendicularSkeleton

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Published	07/30/2024	The only attachment of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton is the {{c1::sternoclavicular joint}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::sternal}} end of the clavicle is {{c1::cone}}-shaped
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::acromial}} end of the clavicle is {{c1::flat}}-shaped
Published	07/30/2024	The ventral convexity of the clavicle occurs at its {{c1::medial 2/3}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::inferior}} surface of the clavicle, where ligaments and muscles attach to, is ridged and grooved
Published	07/30/2024	Fracture of the clavicles results in the shoulder region collapsing {{c1::medially}}
Published	07/30/2024	The curvature of the clavicle ensures it fractures {{c1::outward}} if it were to get fractured*bonus: which portion
Published	07/30/2024	The scapulae span the dorsal rib cage from rib {{c1::2–7}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial/vertebral}} border of the scapulae are paralell to the vertebral column
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::superior}} border of the scapula is the shortest and sharpest
Published	07/30/2024	The shoulder joint is formed by the articulation between the caput (head) humerus and the {{c1::glenoid cavity}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 borders of the scapula{{c1::1. Superior border2. Medial border3. Lateral border}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 angles of the scapula{{c1::1. Superior angle2. Inferior angle3. Lateral angle}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::inferior}} angle of the scapula moves as the arm is {{c2::raised/lowered}}
Published	07/30/2024	The suprascapular notch is {{c1::medial}} to the coracoid process
Published	07/30/2024	The glenoid cavity is {{c1::lateral}} to the coracoid process
Published	07/30/2024	The suprascapular notch transmits the {{c1::suprascapular nerve}}
Published	07/30/2024	What part of the scapula is easily palpated at someone's back{{c1::Spine of scapula}}
Published	07/30/2024	Large fossae of the scapula{{c1::1. Subscapular fossa2. Supraspinous fossa3. Infraspinous fossa::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::trapezoid}} ligament: {{c2::trapezoid line → coracoid process::attachments}}, {{c5::lateral::location}}{{c1::conoid}} ligament: {{c2::conoid tub…
Published	07/30/2024	Each upper limb is composed of {{c1::30::n}} bones
Published	07/30/2024	The anatomical neck is {{c1::superior}} to the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The greater and lesser tubercle of humerus are separated by the {{c1::intertubercular sulcus}} or {{c1::bicipital groove}}
Published	07/30/2024	The biceps muscle of the arm attach to the {{c1::coracoid process}}
Published	07/30/2024	Rotator cuff muscles attach to the {{c1::tubercles}} of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The tendon of the {{c1::long}} head of the biceps muscle runs in the {{c2::intertubercular sulcus}} as it attaches on the {{c3::supraglenoid tubercle}…
Published	07/30/2024	On the posterior surface of the humerus, the radial groove can be seen {{c1::medial}} to the deltoid tuberosity
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial}} ({{c1::ulnar}} side) condyle of the humerus is the {{c2::trochlea}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lateral}} ({{c1::radial}} side) condyle of the humerus is the {{c2::capitulum}}
Published	07/30/2024	The medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus flank the {{c1::capitulum}} and {{c1::trochlea}}
Published	07/30/2024	Which is the only humeral condyle seen on the posterior surface of the humerus?{{c1::Trochlea}}
Published	07/30/2024	The olecranon fossa is proximal to the {{c1::trochlea}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the anterior surface of the distal humerus is a lateral depression called the {{c2::radial fossa}}
Published	07/30/2024	In the anterior surface of the distal humerus is a medial depression called the {{c2::coronoid fossa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Directly above the epicondyles of the humerus are {{c1::supracondylar ridges}}
Published	07/30/2024	Directly below the tubercles of of the humerus are {{c1::crests}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do the radius and ulna articulate with each other proximally or distally?{{c1::Both :)}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::interosseous membrane}} connects the radius/ulna and fibula/tibia along their entire length
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::olecranon}} and {{c1::coronoid process}} are separated by the {{c2::trochlear notch}}
Published	07/30/2024	When the elbow is {{c1::fully extended::movement}}, the olecranon locks into the olecranon fossa
Published	07/30/2024	When the elbow is {{c1::flexed::movement}}, the coronoid process fits into the coronoid fossa
Published	07/30/2024	The radial notch is immediately {{c1::lateral}} to the {{c2::coronoid process}}
Published	07/30/2024	The medial surface of the caput radii articulates with the ulna at the {{c1::radial notch}} forming the proximal radioulnar joint
Published	07/30/2024	The head of the radius is located at its {{c1::proximal}} end while the head of the ulna is located at its {{c1::distal}} end
Published	07/30/2024	The ulnar styloid is {{c1::medial}} to the caput (head) ulnae
Published	07/30/2024	Do both the radius and ulna directly articulate with the carpal bones?{{c1::Radius only}}
Published	07/30/2024	Attachment of biceps brachii: {{c1::radial/bicipital tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral surface of the caput (head) ulnae articulates with the radius at the {{c1::ulnar notch}} forming the distal radioulnar joint
Published	07/30/2024	The wirst rotates with the {{c1::radius::ulna/radius}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::radial}} styloid is {{c2::distal::location}} (1 cm) to the {{c1::ulnar}} styloid (radial vs. ulnar)
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::Colles'}} fracture is a type of fracture of the {{c2::distal::location}} forearm in which the broken end of the {{c3:…
Published	07/30/2024	Only the {{c1::scaphoid and lunate::2}} articulate with the radius to form the {{c2::wrist/radiocarpal}} joint
Published	07/30/2024	Most frequently fracture carpal bone{{c1::scaphoid}}
Published	07/30/2024	Naming of metacapals/metarsals and phalanges start from the {{c1::thumb}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do the metacarpals articulate with adjacent metarcapals proximally or distally?{{c1::Proximally}}
Published	07/30/2024	What forms the knuckles?{{c1::Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Metacarpal {{c1::I}} is the shortest and most mobile
Published	07/30/2024	The pollux and hallux have no {{c1::middle}} phalanx
Published	07/30/2024	The carpus has a {{c1::ventral}} concavity
Published	07/30/2024	repetitive stress injuries to the ligaments of the writst may cause {{c1::Carpal tunnel syndrome}}
Published	07/30/2024	Each hip bone is called a {{c1::coxal bone or pelvic bone}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pelvis is made up of the {{c1::sacrum}}, {{c1::coccyx}}, and {{c1::coxal bones}} collectively
Published	07/30/2024	The thickest portion of the iliac crest is its {{c1::tubercle}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lumbar dimples}} of the back indicate the {{c2::posterior superior iliac spines}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::anterior}} superior iliac spine is {{c1::blunt}} while the {{c2::posterior}} superior iliac spine is {{c1::sharp}}
Published	07/30/2024	What part of the ilium is easily palpated at someone's ventrum{{c1::anterior superior iliac spine}}
Published	07/30/2024	Immediately inferior to the {{c2::posterior inferior iliac spine}} is an indentation called the {{c1::greater sciatic notch}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::posterolateral}} surface of the ilium/iliac wing is the {{c2::gluteal}} surface
Published	07/30/2024	Three ridges of the the gluteal surface:{{c1::1. Anterior gluteal line2. Posterior gluteral line3. Inferior gluteal line}}
Published	07/30/2024	The auricular surface is {{c1::posterior}} to the iliac fossa
Published	07/30/2024	The auricular surface of the the ilium articulates with auricular surface of the sacral vertebrae {{c1::S1–S3}} forming the sacroiliac joint
Published	07/30/2024	The arcuate line runs immediately anterior and inferiorly to the {{c1::auricular surface}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do all three fused coxal bones meet each other?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two parts of the iliumSuperior {{c1::ala}}Inferior {{c1::body}}
Published	07/30/2024	Two parts of the ischiumSuperior {{c1::ischial body}}Inferior {{c1::ischial ramus}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::ramus}} of the ischium is {{c1::thinner}} than its {{c2::body}} (body vs. ramus)
Published	07/30/2024	The ischial spine can be found {{c2::posterior}} to the {{c1::acetabulum}}
Published	07/30/2024	The ischial spine projects {{c1::medially}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sacrospinous ligament attaches the {{c1::sacrum}} to the {{c1::ischial spine}}
Published	07/30/2024	The greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch are separated by the {{c1::ischial spine}}
Published	07/30/2024	The strongest part of the hip bone{{c1::Ischial tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	The sacrotuberous ligament is posterior attachment between the {{c1::sacrum}} and {{c1::ischial tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Origin of hamstring muscles {{c1::ischial tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Three parts of the pubis{{c1::Pubic body}}{{c1::Superior pubic ramus}}{{c1::Inferior pubic ramus}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pubic body is {{c1::medial}} to the pubic rami
Published	07/30/2024	The pubic {{c1::tubercle}} is {{c2::lateral}} to the pubic {{c1::crest}} (tubercle vs. crest)
Published	07/30/2024	The thickened anterior border of the medial end of the pubic body is the {{c1::pubic crest}}
Published	07/30/2024	The inguinal ligament attaches to the {{c1::anterior superior iliac spine}} and {{c1::pubic tubercle}}
Published	07/30/2024	The inferior pubic ramus joins to the {{c1::ischial ramus}}
Published	07/30/2024	The superior pubic ramus joins the more lateral {{c1::ilial and ischial bodies}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pectineal line is a ridge along the {{c1::superior}} pubic ramus
Published	07/30/2024	The obturator foramen is almost completely closed by the {{c1::obturator membrane}}
Published	07/30/2024	The obturator foramen is formed by the {{c1::pubis}} and {{c1::ischium}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::inferior pubic rami}} and {{c1::ischial rami}} form the {{c2::pubic arch}} at its junction, inferior to the pubic symphysis
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pubic}} arch helps distinguish between the male and female pelvis
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::pelvic brim}} is a ridge that delineates the {{c2::pelvic inlet}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic inletPosterior boundary - {{c1::sacral promontory, margin of sacral ala}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic inletLateral boundary - {{c1::arcuate line}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic inletAnterior boundary - {{c1::pectineal line. pubic crest, pubic symphysis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The false pelvis contains {{c1::abdominal}} organs
Published	07/30/2024	The largest dimension of the pelvic inlet is its {{c1::right}}-{{c1::left}} diameter
Published	07/30/2024	The largest dimension of the pelvic outlet is its {{c1::anterior}}-{{c1::posterior}} diameter
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic outletAnterior boundary - {{c1::pubic arch}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic outletLateral boundary - {{c1::ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligament}}
Published	07/30/2024	Boundaries of the pelvic outletPosterior boundary - {{c1::sacrum and coccyx}}
Published	07/30/2024	The baby's forehead usually faces the {{c1::right/left}} as it leaves the pelvic inlet
Published	07/30/2024	The baby's forehead usually faces the {{c1::posterioly}} as it leaves the pelvic outlet
Published	07/30/2024	The femur courses {{c1::medially}} as it descends toward the knee
Published	07/30/2024	Incidence of knee problems is greater in {{c1::female}} atheletes
Published	07/30/2024	Ligament of the head of the femur attaches the {{c1::fovea capitis}} to the {{c1::acetabulum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most fractures of the femur occur in its {{c1::neck}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::greater}} trochanter is {{c2::lateral::location}} to the {{c1::lesser}} trochanter (greater vs. lesser)
Published	07/30/2024	The greater and lesser trochanter are connected {{c2::anteriorly}} by the {{c1::intertrochanteric line}}
Published	07/30/2024	The greater and lesser trochanter are connected {{c2::posteriorly}} by the {{c1::intertrochanteric crest}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::adductor}} tubercle lies on the upper part of the {{c1::medial epicondyle}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral and medial condyles of the femur are seprated by anteriorly by the  {{c1::patellar surface}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral and medial condyles of the femur are seprated by posteriorly by the  {{c1::intercondylar fossa}}
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral and medial supracondylar lines of the femur are found only in its {{c1::posterior}} surface
Published	07/30/2024	The patella secures the {{c1::quadriceps}} to the {{c2::tibia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do the fibula and tibia articulate with each other proximally or distally?{{c1::Both :)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do radioulnar joints allow movement?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do tibiofibular joints allow movement?{{c1::No}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do both the radius and ulna articulate with the humerus?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do both the tibia and fibula articulate with the femur?{{c1::Tibia only}}
Published	07/30/2024	The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia are separated by the {{c1::intercondylar eminence}}
Published	07/30/2024	The caput (head) fibula articulates with the tibia at the {{c1::fibular articular facet}} forming the proximal/superior tibiofibular joint
Published	07/30/2024	The fibular articular facet of tibia is located at the tibia's {{c1::inferior part of the lateral condyle}}
Published	07/30/2024	The shaft of the {{c1::tibia::long bone}} is {{c2::triangular::shape}} in cross section
Published	07/30/2024	The distal fibula articulates with the tibia at the {{c1::fibular notch}} forming the distal tibiofibular joint
Published	07/30/2024	The distal expanded end of the fibula is called the {{c1::lateral malleolus}}
Published	07/30/2024	Does the fibula carry any weight?{{c1::15% of body weight}}
Published	07/30/2024	Do both the tibia and fibula articulate with the talus?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	07/30/2024	The distal tibia articulates with the talus at the {{c1::trochlea of the talus}} forming the tibiotalar joint
Published	07/30/2024	Three joints make up the ankle{{c1::1. Talotibial joint (talocrural joint)2. Talocalcaneal joint (subtalar joint)3. Distal tibiofibular joint}}
Published	07/30/2024	What part of the calcaneus touches the ground when standing?{{c1::Calcaneal tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::cuboid}} is {{c1::lateral::location}} to the {{c2::cuneiforms}} (cuneiforms vs. cuboid)
Published	07/30/2024	Metatarsal {{c1::I}} is the largest
Published	07/30/2024	The "ball" of the foot is formed by the {{c1::metatarsophalangeal joint I (MTP 1)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Metatarsal stress fractures most commonly affect metatarsals {{c1::II and III}}
Published	07/30/2024	Three arches of the foot:{{c1::1. Lateral longitudinal arch2. Medial longitudinal arch3. Transverse arch}}
Published	07/30/2024	"keystone" of the {{c2::medial longitudinal}} arch of the foot is the {{c1::talus}}
Published	07/30/2024	"keystone" of the {{c2::lateral longitudinal}} arch of the foot is the {{c1::cuboid}}
Published	07/30/2024	The arches of the foot redistribute one's standing weight to the {{c1::heels/calcaneus}} and {{c1::heads of metatarsals}}
Published	07/30/2024	Tendons supporting the arches of the foot are {{c1::less}} active when standing
Published	07/30/2024	The patellar ligament attaches the bottom of patella to the {{c1::tibial tuberosity}}
Published	07/30/2024	The medial longitudinal arch of the foot originates from the {{c2::calcaneus}} → {{c2::talus}} → {{2::Metacarpals {{c1::I, II, and III}}}}
Published	07/30/2024	Hip dysplasia more commonly affects {{c1::females}}
Published	07/30/2024	Clubfoot is characterized by the feet turned {{c1::mediallly}} and toes pointed inferiorly
Published	07/30/2024	Upper-lower body ratio (UL)Upper body segment = {{c1::Total height - Lower body segment}}
Published	07/30/2024	Upper-lower body ratio (UL)Lower body segment = {{c1::distance from pelvic girdle (superior border) to ground}}
Published	07/30/2024	At birth the {{c1::upper}} body segment is longer than the {{c1::lower}} body segment (upper vs. lower)
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Bunion}}: A deformity of the great toe involving {{c2::lateral::location}} displacement of this digit and {{c2::medial::location}} displacement …
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Knock-knee}}: A deformity in which the two knees rub or knock together during walking. {{c1::Knock-knee}} usually occurs in {{c2::children::chil…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Lisfranc injury}}: Damage to the joints between the {{c2::tarsal}} and {{c2::metatarsal}} bones of the foot that results from violently twisting…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pelvimetry}}: Measurement of the dimensions of the {{c3::inlet}} and {{c3::outlet}} of the pelvis, usually to determine whether it is of adequat…
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female pelvis different from the male pelvis in terms of general structure {{c1::Tilted more forward, broader, shallower, and larger::…
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female pelvis different from the male pelvis in terms of bone thickness {{c1::lighter, thinner, smoother::3}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female acetabula different from that of males {{c1::smaller, farther apart::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female pubic arch different from that of males {{c1::wider angle (80°–90°}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female sacrum different from that of males {{c1::wider, shorter, more curved, less ventral promontory::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female coccyx different from that of males {{c1::more movable, straighter::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female greater sciatic notch different from that of males {{c1::wide and shallow::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female pelvic inlet different from that of males {{c1::wideer, oval::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female pelvic outlet different from that of males {{c1::wider}}
Published	07/30/2024	How is the female ischial tuberosities different from that of males {{c1::shorter, blunt*, farther apart, everted::4}}
Published	07/30/2024	If the examined pelvis has significantly narrower pelvic arch, then it is of a {{c1::male}} person
Published	07/30/2024	If the examined sacrum has a more pronounced {{c2::promontory}}, then it is of a {{c1::male}} person
Published	07/30/2024	If the examined sacrum has more pronounced {{c2::curve}}, then it is of a {{c1::female}} person
Published	07/30/2024	Which is deeper, the glenoid cavity or the acetabulum
Published	07/30/2024	The sternal end of the clavicle attches to the {{c1::manubrium}}The acromial end of the clavicle attches to the {{c1::acromion of the scapula}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::superior}} surface of the clavicle is smooth
Published	07/30/2024	thick {{c1::trapezoid line}} and the {{c1::conoid tubercle}} near the {{c2::acromial}} end provide attachment for a ligament that runs to the scapula’…
Published	07/30/2024	if to fracture posteriorly (inward), bone splinters would pierce the main blood vessels to the arm, the {{c1::subclavian}} vessels, which lie just dee…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::anterior/costal}} surface of the scapula is slightly concave and relatively featureless.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::coracoid process}} is the origin/insertion point of {{c2::pectoralis minor}}, {{c2::short head of biceps}}, {{c2::coracobrachialis}} [m…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::acromion process}} is the flat projection where spine of the scapula ends {{c2::laterally::direction}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Humerus}} is the is the only bone of the arm and the largest and longest bone in upper limb
Published	07/30/2024	The Humerus articulates with the {{c1::glenoid fossa}} of the scapula at the shoulder
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::anatomical neck}} is the slight constriction inferior to the head of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The greater tubercle is more {{c1::lateral::location}} than the lesser tubercle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::Surgical neck}} is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::deltoid tuberosity}} is in the {{c1::lateral::location}} side of the shaft of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::deltoid tuberosity}} is the attachment site for the {{c2::deltoid}} muscle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial}} and {{c1::lateral epicondyles}} of the humerus were the attachment for muscles of the forearm
Published	07/30/2024	Ulnar nerve passes {{c1::medial}} epicondyle
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::medial}} and {{c1::lateral supracondylar ridges}} were the attachment points for muscles of arm
Published	07/30/2024	The olecranon fossa is in the {{c1::posterior}} surface of the humerus
Published	07/30/2024	The Ulna is {{c1::longer::shorter/longer}} than the radius
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::posterior olecranon process}} of the ulna is where the {{c2::triceps}} inserts
Published	07/30/2024	The ulnar head and radius are separated by a {{c1::disc of fibrocartilage}}
Published	07/30/2024	The radius is {{c1::thin}} at its proximal end and {{c1::widened}} at its distal end [Thick or thin]
Published	07/30/2024	The superior sorface of the radius is {{c1::concave::shape}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::radial/bicipital tuberosity}} is a prominence distal to the radial head
Published	07/30/2024	lateral radial styloid process anchors a {{c1::ligament}} that runs to the wrist
Published	07/30/2024	The two distal fossa of the radius are the {{c1::Scaphoid fossa (lateral)}} and {{c1::lunate fossa (medial)}}
Published	07/30/2024	enumerate all of the carpals of the hand
Published	07/30/2024	The biggest and keystone carpal is the {{c1::capitate}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::carpals}} make the true wrist while the {{c1::metacarpals}} make the palm
Published	07/30/2024	Pain in carpal tunnel syndrome is gratest at {{c1::night::time of the day}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pelvis consists of three separate bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis during {{c1::childhood}}
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