Notes in 05b Contraception and Infertility

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Published	03/16/2024	What is the only IUD that can increase bleeding?{{c1::Paraguard (copper IUD)}}
Published	03/16/2024	Oral {{c1::contraceptives}} contain high doses of estrogen and progesterone (or progesterone alone) which prevent ovulation via inhibition of FSH and …
Published	03/16/2024	{{c2::Clomiphene}} is used to treat {{c1::infertility}} due to anovulation (e.g. PCOS)
Published	03/16/2024	What drug class do anastrozole and letrozole belong to?{{c1::Aromatase inhibitors}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the mechanism by which combined contraceptives (progestins + estradiol) act as a contraceptive? {{c1::Inhibit ovulation}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the mechanism of action of copper intrauterine devices? {{c1::Local inflammatory response}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the most effective emergency contraception?{{c1::Copper intrauterine device}}
Published	03/16/2024	Infertility in patients age < 35 is defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after {{c1::12 months}} of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse
Published	03/16/2024	Infertility in patients age > 35 is defined as the failure to achieve pregnancy after {{c1::6 months}} of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse
Published	03/16/2024	A vasectomy is a male contraceptive surgical technique which transects the {{c2::vas deferens}}, preventing transport of new sperm from the {{c1::epid…
Published	03/16/2024	Can a patient have viable sperm in their ejaculate in the months after vasectomy?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/16/2024	Can a vasectomy be reversed?{{c1::Yes}}
Published	03/16/2024	In female infertility testing: a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is primarily used to determine {{c1::fallopian tube patency}}
Published	03/16/2024	In female infertility testing; saline infusion sonohysterography is the preferred method of diagnosing abnormalities of the {{c1::uterine cavity}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the mechanism of systemic progestins as a contraceptive?{{c1::Inhibits GnRH/FSH/LH release → suppresses ovulation}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the mechanism of copper IUD as a contraceptive?{{c1::Creates chronic inflammatory response in uterus}} → impairs sperm migration
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)}} is the most effective group of contraception
Published	03/16/2024	Depo-provera is an injection of {{c1::progesterone}} that lasts for {{c1::three months::how long?}}
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Hormone contraception}}: estrogen and progestin or progestin alone to provide contraception in various methods, including pills, patches, vagina…
Published	03/16/2024	What is the primary mechanism of action of progestin only contraceptives (levonorgestrel IUD, progestin-only pill)?{{c1::Thickens cervical mucus}}
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Etonogestrel implants (Nexplanon/Implanon)}} are forms of LARCs that are matchstick-sized rods implanted under the skin
Published	03/16/2024	Combined estrogen-progesterone contraceptive options include daily {{c1::pills}}, weekly {{c1::patches}}, and monthly {{c1::rings}}
Published	03/16/2024	What drug is used to induce ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome? {{c1::Clomiphene citrate}}
Published	03/16/2024	What is the gold standard test for male factor infertility?{{c1::Semen analysis}}
Published	03/16/2024	Common side effects of the injectable medroxyprogesterone contraceptive are breast tenderness, fatigue, vaginal bleeding/spotting and {{c1::weight gai…
Published	03/16/2024	Lactational amenorrhea occurs due to high levels of {{c1::prolactin}}, which has an inhibitory effect on the production of {{c2::GnRH}}
Published	03/16/2024	Treatment of infertility due to inhospitable mucous is {{c1::estrogen}}
Published	03/16/2024	Infertile women with anovulatory cycles may be treated with {{c1::clomiphene::drug}}, which stimulates ↑ GnRH
Published	03/16/2024	How do you work up anatomical causes of infertility? {{c1::Hysterosalpingogram}}
Published	03/16/2024	Evaluating infertility should begin by doing tests on the {{c1::male::male/female}} because it's cheaper/easier to do
Published	03/16/2024	What kind of contraceptive has these mechanisms?1. Thickens cervical mucus → impairs sperm penetration2. Endometrial thinning → impairs implantation{{…
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Heavier menstrual bleeding}} is a side effect associated with copper intrauterine devices
Published	03/16/2024	What is a common side effect of levonorgestrel-containing IUD?{{c1::Amenorrhea}}
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Levonorgestrel IUDs}} are the safest and most effective contraception
Published	03/16/2024	The most common side effect of IUDs is {{c1::altered menstrual periods}}
Published	03/16/2024	Contraindications of IUDs are: {{c1::Anatomical}} defects Unexplained uterine {{c2::bleeding}}Endometrial or cervical {{c3::cancer}}Pelvic {…
Published	03/16/2024	Depo Provera contains {{c1::medroxyprogesterone::type of progesterone}}
Published	03/16/2024	Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives include {{c1::contraceptive implants}} and {{c1::IUD's}}
Published	03/16/2024	The contraceptive implant (Nexplanon) contains {{c1::progesterone (specifically, etonogestrel)}}
Published	03/16/2024	How frequently does the contraceptive implant (Nexplanon) need to be replaced?{{c1::every 3 years}}
Published	03/16/2024	The most bothersome side effect of the contraceptive implant (Nexplanon) is {{c1::abnormal uterine bleeding}}
Published	03/16/2024	Copper IUDs are contraindicated in patients with {{c1::Wilson disease::rare liver disease}}
Published	03/16/2024	Contraceptive implants (Nexplanon) have {{c1::immediate::immediate/delayed}} return to fertility once stopped
Published	03/16/2024	Combined contraceptives (pill, patch, ring) have {{c1::immediate::immediate/delayed}} return to fertility once stopped
Published	03/16/2024	If patient experiences mood swings on combined contraceptive pill, you should {{c1::switch brands}}
Published	03/16/2024	In order to use lactational amenorrhea for contraception, a woman must breastfeed every {{c1::3 hours}}
Published	03/16/2024	Vasectomy is performed {{c1::outpatient::setting}}, while tubal ligation is performed {{c1::inpatient}}
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::In vitro fertilization (IVF)}} is the process of extracting eggs and sperm and combining them in a lab to create an embryo which is then transfe…
Published	03/16/2024	Other Methods of contraception include {{c1::male/female condoms}}, {{c2::coitus interruptus}}, and {{c3::fertility awareness}}
Published	03/16/2024	{{c1::Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)}} is the same as IVF but the male sperm is injected into the oocyte instead of letting fertilization occ…
Published	03/16/2024	Another adavance reproductive treatement (ART) is {{c1::sperm}} or {{c1::oocyte}} donation
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