Notes in 05 Central skull base and sella

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Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe pituitary gland resides in the {{c1::sella turcica}}, a saddle-shaped depression of the …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary fossa is bounded anteriorly by the {{c1::tuberculum sellae}}, posteriorly by the {…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe parasellar region includes the {{c1::cavernous sinuses}}, {{c2::suprasellar cistern}}, a…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary gland has {{c1::anterior}} and {{c1::posterior}} lobes.
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaGrowth hormone (GH) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary (adenohypophysi…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaProlactin is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaLuteinizing hormone (LH) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary (adenohypo…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaAdrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::anterior pituitary (…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaAntidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) is produced and secreted by the {{c1::posterior pitu…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaOxytocin is produced and secreted by the {{c1::posterior pituitary/infundibulum}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c2::Rathke pouch}} is a superior invagination of primitive oral {{c3::ectoderm}} that give…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaDisrupted involution of Rathke pouch may form a cleft that gives rise to {{c1::cranioph…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c1::Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)}} and {{c1::infundibulum (pituitary stalk)}} of …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe posterior pituitary gland is formed from {{c1::neuroectoderm::embryonic tissue}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPosterior pituitary on MR is T1 {{c1::hyper}}intense due to stored {{c1::ADH}}, which is why…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe posterior pituitary bright spot declines with {{c1::age}}, but absence is associated wit…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaDisrupted descent of the {{c1::posterior}} pituitary from the {{c1::diencephalon}} results i…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c1::Pituitary stalk interruption (transection)}} syndrome is a combination of:{{c2::Ectopi…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaCase: Pituitary bright spot eval on T1 MRLeft: {{c1::Normal::normal/abnormal}} posterior pit…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaOn dynamic contrast-enhanced MR, the Pituitary Gland enhances in accordance with perfusion: …
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Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaWhich nerves travel through the center of the cavernous sinus?{{c1::CN VI Abducens and Sympa…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaWhich nerves travel through dural layers within the wall of the cavernous sinus?{{c1::C…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaWhich division of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V) does NOT traverse the cavernous sinus? {{c1::M…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella CN {{c1::V3 (Mandibular)}} exits inferiorly from Meckel’s cave through foramen {{c2::o…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella CN {{c1::VI (Abducens)}} enters the petrous temporal bone through {{c2::Dorello’s canal}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella Which nerve of the cavernous sinus travels in the medial venous sinusoids?{{c1::Abducens ne…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella Which nerve of the cavernous sinus does NOT exit via the superior orbital fissure?{{c1::Max…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella {{c1::Maxillary nerve (CN V2)}} exits the cavernous sinus via the {{c2::foramen rotundum}}.
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella CN's {{c1::III, IV, VI, V1}} exit the cavernous sinus via the {{c2::superior orbital f…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella Sella turcica is bounded laterally by paired {{c1::cavernous}} sinuses, which are connected…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella The {{c1::superior/inferior ophthalmic}} veins and {{c1::sphenoparietal}} sinus drain into …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaInfection and thrombosis (septic thrombophlebitis) most frequently involve which dural venou…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaInfectious spread to the Cavernous Sinus may originate from: {{c1::Central face}} (“dan…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaCavernous sinus drains into {{c1::superior}} and {{c1::inferior petrosal}} sinuses, and has …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c2::Superior Petrosal}} sinus drains into the {{c1::sigmoid sinus}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c2::Inferior Petrosal}} sinus drains into the {{c1::jugular bulb}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary ACTH hypersecretion in suspected Cushing disease can be tested via {{c1::inferior …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe {{c1::internal}} carotid artery traverses the cavernous sinus
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaRupture of the ICA in the cavernous sinus can result in a direct {{c1::caroticocavernous}} f…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaThe lateral wall of the cavernous sinus is normally {{c1::concave or straight::shape}}, but …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaCavernous sinus syndrome typically consists of clinical signs and symptoms of:{{c1::Neu…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaBoundaries of the {{c4::Suprasellar}} cistern:Inferior: {{c1::Sella}}Superior: {{c1::Hypotha…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c1::Uncal}} herniation causes supratentorial mass effect which can cause lateral effacemen…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaSpontaneous {{c1::intracranial hypotension}} can lead to height reduction of the {{c2::supra…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaNeurovascular structures that traverse the {{c1::suprasellar}} cistern: {{c2::Optic nerves/c…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaCase: Brain massYellow arrows: subcentimeter T2 hyperintense, hypoenhancing lesion in the ce…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaMost common intrinsic pituitary mass → {{c1::Adenoma}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaLarger pituitary adenomas can have {{c1::suprasellar}} extension
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary Adenomas are classified as microadenomas if <{{c1::10 mm}} or macroadenomas if …
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary Adenomas can be classified by {{c1::size}} and/or {{c1::hormone production}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaMost common Pituitary Adenoma hormone profiles → {{c1::lactotroph}} and {{c1::nonfunctioning…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary Adenomas present clinically with signs of:{{c1::Endocrine dysfunction}} (hypogonad…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary {{c4::apoplexy}} is a rare clinical syndrome of {{c1::severe headache}}, {{c2::vis…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary apoplexy is due to sudden {{c1::pituitary hemorrhage}} most commonly from a pituit…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and Sella{{c1::Sheehan}} syndrome is pituitary apoplexy in {{c2::postpartum women::demographic}}
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary apoplexy on MR shows:Acute phase: {{c1::enlarged}} pituitary gland +/- high intrin…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaMost pituitary adenomas are {{c1::sporadic::etiology}}, but can also be associated with synd…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary microadenomas on MR show foci of {{c1::subtle}} signal abnormality that can be {{c…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary microadenomas show {{c1::delayed}} enhancement relative to the normal pituitary
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaWhat imaging technique is required to detect a small subset of Pituitary Microadenomas?{{c1:…
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary adenomas are typically {{c1::slow::speed}}-growing
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary macroadenomas slowly enlarge and {{c1::remodel}} the sella
Published	05/01/2023	NeuroImaging Head & Neck: Central Skull Base and SellaPituitary macroadenomas can invade the {{c1::cavernous}} sinus and encase the {{c1::internal…
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