Notes in 18GI3

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	SI length: {{c1::3-5}} mLI length {{c1::1.5}} m
Published	07/30/2024	SI ingested fluid: {{c1::1.5}} L/daysecreted fluid: {{c1::7}} L/day
Published	07/30/2024	LI ingested fluid: {{c1::1.5}} L/day
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] H2O reabsoprtion 1. SI 2. LI{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	The stomach can only absorb {{c1::lipid soluble substances}}
Published	07/30/2024	3 major sources of carbs: {{c1::sucrose (cane sugar)}}, {{c1::lactose (milk)}}, {{c1::starches (plants)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carbohydrate digestion in the {{c1::mouth}}Polysaccharides -{{c2::ptyalin/salivary amylase}}-> {{c2::Maltose (20-40%) + Dextrins}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carbohydrate digestion in the {{c1::duodenum}}Maltose (20-40%) + Dextrins -{{c2::pancreatic a-amylase}}-> {{c2::Disaccharides}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carbohydrate digestion in the {{c1::WITHIN enterocytes within the duodenum}}Disaccharides -{{c2::lactase, sucrase, maltase, and alpha-dextrinase}}-&gt…
Published	07/30/2024	Carbohydrate digestion pathway{{c1::Mouth}} -> {{c1::Duodenum}} -> {{c1::Enterocytes in the duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Protein digestion pathway{{c1::Stomach}} -> {{c1::Duodenum + Jejunum}} -> {{c1::Enterocytes in the duodenal and jejunal microvilli brush border}…
Published	07/30/2024	Protein digestion in the {{c1::Stomach}}Proteins -{{c2::pepsin}}-> {{c2::partial hydrolysis with 10-20% turned into proteases, peptones, polypeptid…
Published	07/30/2024	Protein digestion in the {{c1::Duodenum + Jejunum}}Proteins +  proteases, peptones, polypeptides (10-20%) -......Proteins -{{c2::Trypsin (Major)}…
Published	07/30/2024	Protein digestion in the {{c1::Enterocytes in the duodenal and jejunal microvilli brush border}}Larger polypeptides -{{c2::aminopolypeptidase + dipept…
Published	07/30/2024	Protein digestion in the {{c1::Within enterocytes}}di/tripeptides -{{c2::Erepsin from ileum and pancreas}}-> {{c2::di/tripeptides (10%) + AAs (90%)…
Published	07/30/2024	Fat digestion pathway{{c1::Stomach}} -> {{c1::Duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fat digestion in the {{c1::Stomach}}Fat -{{c2::Lingual + Gastric Lipase}}-> {{c2::<10% of fat digested}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fat digestion in the {{c1::Duodenum}}Fat -{{c2::Pancreatic (Major) + Enterocyte Lipase + Bile salts + Lecithin}}-> {{c2::Fatty acids + 2-Monoglycer…
Published	07/30/2024	Pepsin can digest collagen [T/F]{{c1::T}}
Published	07/30/2024	Ptyalin is only active at pH {{c1::>4}}Pepsin is only active at pH {{c1::<5}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fat Absorption transport mechanism: {{c3::Passive diffusion}}{{c1::Long chained fatty acids + 2-Monoglycerols}} -> {{c2::turned back into triglycer…
Published	07/30/2024	AA Absorption transport mechanismLumen -> Cell: {{c1::Na co-transporter + 10 different types of transport proteins;secondary active transport::tran…
Published	07/30/2024	Na Absorption transport mechanismLumen -> Cell: {{c1::SGLT1 + Na-AA co-transporter + Na-H exchanger::transporter}}Cell -> Paracellular space: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Monosaccharide Absorption transport mechanism: {{c2::Secondary active transport}}Lumen -> Cell: {{c1::SGLT1 (Glucose + Galactose; Na co-transport) …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Transport 1. Fructose 2. Glucose and Galactose{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] LI Absorption 1. Proximal 2. Distal{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	LI absorption transport mechanismsNa: {{c1::Active transport}}Cl: {{c1::Passive (dragged by Na) AND secreted by Cl-HCO3 exchanger}}H2O: {{c1::Passive …
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Feces content 1. Inorganic matter 2. Fat{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Feces content 1. Inorganic matter 2. Protein{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Feces content 1. Fat 2. Protein{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Portal vein - {{c1::1050}} ml/min Hepatic artery - {{c1::300}} ml/min Total = {{c1::1350}} ml/min or {{c1::27}}% of cardiac output
Published	07/30/2024	The liver has high lymph flow [T/F]{{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	The liver has low vascular pressure [T/F]{{c1::F}}
Published	07/30/2024	Why can the liver regenerate{{c1::hepatocyte growth factor by mesenchymal cells, not hepatocytes}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Bacteria 1. Portal Vein 2. Central Vein{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Liver Disease 2. Blood Glucose{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Carbohydrate Metabolic Liver Functions{{c1::Storage as glucose (glucose -> glycogenesis)Conversion of galactose and fructose -> glucose Gluconeo…
Published	07/30/2024	Fat Metabolic Liver Functions{{c1::Oxidation Synthesis of cholesterol, phospholipids, and lipoproteins Synthesis of fats from proteins and carbs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Proteins Metabolic Liver Functions{{c1::Deamination of amino acids Formation of urea for removal of ammonia Formation of plasma proteins Interconversi…
Published	07/30/2024	Storage life In the LiverVit A: {{c1::10 Months}}Vit D: {{c1::3-4 Months}}Vit B12: {{c1::>1 Year}}
Published	07/30/2024	Fe combines with {{c1::apoferritin}} to be stored as {{c1::ferritin}}
Published	07/30/2024	The liver synthesizes coagulation factors {{c1::2,7,9,10}} using vit {{c1::K}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hemolytic Anemia 2. Unconjugated Bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hemolytic Anemia 2. Conjugated Bilirubin{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hemolytic Anemia 2. Urobilinogen{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hemolytic Anemia 2. Stool Bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hemolytic Anemia 2. Urine Bilirubin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Gallstone 2. Unconjugated bilirubin{{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Gallstone 2. Conjugated bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Gallstone 2. Stool Bilirubin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Gallstone 2. Urine Bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hepatitis 2. Uconjugated bilirubin{{c1::Only God knows}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Hepatitis 2. Conjugated bilirubin{{c1::Only God knows}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Liver immaturity 2. Plasma Bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Breast Feeding 2. Risk of Physiologic Jaundice{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Glucuronidase 2. Conjugated Bilirubin{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Glucuronidase 2. Unconjugated Bilirubin{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most carbohydrate digestion occurs in the {{c1::duodenum}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Lingual and pancreatic lipase inhibitor 2. Weight Loss{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Lingual and pancreatic lipase inhibitor 2. Fat absorption{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. aldosterone 2. Cl absorption{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. aldosterone 2. Cl secretion in the LI{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Active Cl absorption 1. Duodenum 2. LI and Ileum{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is HCO3 reabsorbed in the body{{c1::Duodenum and Jejunum}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is Ca absorbed in the body and by what mechanism{{c1::Duodenum; Active}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is Fe absorbed in the body and by what mechanism{{c1::SI; Active}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is K absorbed in the body and by what mechanism{{c1::SI; Active}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is Mg absorbed in the body and by what mechanism{{c1::SI; Active}}
Published	07/30/2024	Where is Phosphate absorbed in the body and by what mechanism{{c1::SI; Active}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Ease of absorption 1. Monovalent ions 2. Bivalent ions{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Blood flow through the Liver{{c1::Portal Vein + Hepatic Artery}} -> {{c1::Liver Sinusoids}} -> {{c1::Central Vein}} -> {{c1::Hepatic Vein}} -…
Published	07/30/2024	The spleen will break down RBC into:o globino irono heme (which is a porphyrin ring)Which will be thrown away?{{c1::Heme}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Lipid solibility 1. B1 (Unconjugated) 2. B2 (Conjugated){{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	B1 will be conjugated (with {{c1::glucuronide}}) for it to become water soluble, and therefore not easily absorbed by the surrounding
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-1
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-2
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-3
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-4
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-5
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-6
Published	07/30/2024	351e3c60f67f4ae29669727d399d28ed-ao-7
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Stercobilin}} is responsible for the golden-brown pigment of the feces
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Urobilin}} is responsible for the golden-brown pigment of urine
Status	Last Update	Fields