Notes in OG8.1 Cervical Cytology

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Published	10/04/2024	The Irish National Cervical Screening Programme (CervicalCheck) provides smear tests to women aged {{c1::25 - 65}}
Published	10/04/2024	HPV cervical screening was introduced to Ireland in March {{c1::2020}}
Published	10/04/2024	HPV cervical cancer screening works by:- {{c1::Checking first to see if the patient has any high risk types of HPV }}- {{c1::If HPV is …
Published	10/04/2024	HPV screening is done every {{c1::3}} years from ages {{c2::25 - 29}}
Published	10/04/2024	HPV screening is done every {{c1::5}} years from ages {{c2::30 - 65}}
Published	10/04/2024	The endocervix is lined with {{c1::columnar epithelial}} cells
Published	10/04/2024	The ectocervix is lined with {{c1::squamous epithelial}} cells
Published	10/04/2024	Smears should ideally be taken in the mid to late {{c1::follicular }} phase of the menstrual cycle
Published	10/04/2024	Cervical cytology can be reported as {{c1::dyskaryosis}} or using the {{c1::Bathesda system }}
Published	10/04/2024	Cervical dyskaryosis can be {{c1::mild}}, {{c1::moderate }} or {{c1::severe }}
Published	10/04/2024	Using the Bathesda system, cervical cytology can be {{c1::Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion }}, {{c1::high grade squamous intra…
Published	10/04/2024	If HPV is found during a cervical screen, and no abnormal cells are found → {{c1::repeat in 12 months }}
Published	10/04/2024	{{c2::Low grade/mild dyskaryosis}} usually corresponds to CIN {{c1::1}}
Published	10/04/2024	CIN 1 regresses in {{c1::60}}% of women in 24 months without any treatment
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::75}}% of women with {{c2::high grade (moderate dyskaryosis) }} have CIN {{c3::2 - 3}}
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::80 - 90}}% of women with {{c2::high grade (severe dyskaryosis) }} will have CIN {{c3::2 - 3 }} at colposcopy
Published	10/04/2024	Atypical squamous cells are defined as {{c1::cytological changes in squamous cells which are not normal and do not fulfill the criteria for squam…
Published	10/04/2024	ASC-US → {{c1::Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance::stands for}}
Published	10/04/2024	ASC-H → {{c1::Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance but high grade changes cannot be ruled out::stands for}}
Published	10/04/2024	Glandular cells on cervical smears raise the possibility of {{c1::cervical adenocarcinoma }} or {{c1::endometrial carcinoma }}
Published	10/04/2024	CIN 1 involves → {{c1::lower 1/3 of the cervical epithelium}}
Published	10/04/2024	CIN 2 involves → {{c1::lower 2/3 of the cervical epithelium}}
Published	10/04/2024	CIN 3 involves → {{c1::the whole thickness of the cervical epithelium}}
Published	10/04/2024	Colposcopy uses a {{c1::cuscos}} speculum
Published	10/04/2024	Indications for colposcopy:- {{c1::ASCUS or worse }}- {{c1::Second negative cytology after 2 positive HPV screens }}- {{c1::I…
Published	10/04/2024	How does acetic acid work in colposcopy:- {{c1::Abnormal epithelium such as CIN has ↑ amount of protein and ↓ glycogen than normal epit…
Published	10/04/2024	Mosaic pattern in colposcopy refers to {{c1::patches of acetowhite separated by areas of red vessels }}
Published	10/04/2024	Schiller's test → {{c1::Using iodine to stain normal squamous cells }}
Published	10/04/2024	How does Schiller's test (using iodine in colposcopy) work?{{c1::Stains glycogen brown. Abnormal cells have less glycogen than normal squamous cells&n…
Published	10/04/2024	This is CIN {{c1::1 }}
Published	10/04/2024	This is CIN {{c1::II}}
Published	10/04/2024	This is CIN {{c1::III}}
Published	10/04/2024	The most common treatment of CIN during colposcopy is {{c1::Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) }}
Published	10/04/2024	- The entire transformation zone is visualized - There is no evidence of glandular abnormality- There is no evidence of invasive disease- There i…
Published	10/04/2024	LLETZ = {{c1::Large loop excision of the transformation zone::stands for}}
Published	10/04/2024	LEEP and LLETZ refer to the same procedure {{c1:::)::No card :) }}
Published	10/04/2024	Criteria for screeningimportant health problem with {{c1::latent or early detectable phase}}{{c1::natural history of disease}} is understoodsimple, sa…
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::80}}% of women will clear HPV within 2 years
Published	10/04/2024	Yearly cervical smears for certain groups{{c1::renal dialysis}}{{c1::pre/post transplant}}{{c1::HIV+}}{{c1::increased surveillance indicated per colpo…
Published	10/04/2024	LLETZ is performed under {{c1::local anesthetic}} in colposcopy clinic, aims to excise area of abnormality with {{c1::negative margins}}, {{c1::95}}% …
Published	10/04/2024	Follow up post-LLETZ in {{c1::6}} months for repeat smear
Published	10/04/2024	{{c1::Gardasil 9}} protects against 9 HPV subtypes = 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58Protection lasts for at least {{c1::10}} yearsOffered to teens i…
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