Notes in 12.0 Intro to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2702:top=.4547:width=.0647:height=.046:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.042:top=.5112:width=.1223:height=.0397:…
Published	10/29/2024	Cells of the innate immune system: {{c1::epithelial barriers, mast cells, phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement, NK cells and ILCs.::x7}}
Published	10/29/2024	Cells of the adaptive immune system: {{c1::B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes::x2}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0408:top=.3356:width=.0541:height=.046}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0361:top=.3962:width=.2294:height=.0418}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Complement System}}: A set of {{c2::heat labile plasma proteins}} that act in a cascade to enhance {{c2::microbial killing}}
Published	10/29/2024	The three main components of the complement system: {{c1::phagocytes, opsonization, chemotaxis}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.449:top=.2771:width=.1259:height=.0543}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4537:top=.4004:width=.127:height=.0564}}{{c1…
Published	10/29/2024	Three complement pathways: {{c1::classical, alternative, lectin}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0385:top=.1688:width=.2258:height=.0588}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0514:top=.3726:width=.2388:height=.0525}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	The complement pathways all converge into {{c1::one pathway}}, in which {{c1::C3 convertase}} is formed.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.221:top=.266:width=.1573:height=.0287:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4287:top=.2605:width=.1429:height=.0332:…
Published	10/29/2024	Following the cleavage of C3 and C5, {{c1::C3b andC5b}} remain attached to the microbe and attract {{c1::C6-C9}} which combine to form the {{c1::membr…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::C3a and C5a}} are {{c2::anaphylatoxins}} that {{c2::activate inflmmation}} and set up {{c2::chemotactic gradients}} to recruit other cells to th…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0984:top=.1997:width=.1823:height=.0376}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0514:top=.7808:width=.127:height=.0502}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	The innate immune system recognizes {{c1::patterns}} such as {{c1::lipopolysacchrides}} in gram negative bacterial cell walls, but won't recognize the…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3596:top=.3655:width=.0776:height=.0184}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5125:top=.3644:width=.0776:height=.0208}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2475:top=.0471:width=.1396:height=.0254:oi=1}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4103:top=.0372:width=.0867:height=.023…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0291:top=.1224:width=.1541:height=.0585}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0267:top=.2708:width=.18:height=.0585}}{{c2…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2572:top=.7139:width=.0423:height=.0418}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2572:top=.7746:width=.0447:height=.0355}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Interleukin (IL2)}} is a growth factor for T cells.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::IL6}} is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and helps generate a fever.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::IL10}} is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, dampening the immune response.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::IFN-𝜸}} is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and primarily activates macrophages.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Chemokines}}: Cytokines which act as a chemoattractant to guide migration of cells during chemotaxis
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1973:top=.0137:width=.1553:height=.0648}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0443:top=.1203:width=.1047:height=.0564}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	PRRs are located in the {{c1::cytososl, endosome, or they can be extracellular}}
Published	10/29/2024	Examples of PAMPs recognized by PRRs: {{c1::microbial DNA, viral RNA, LPS}}
Published	10/29/2024	Some cytokines are synthesized as inactive precursors and must be {{c1::cleaved}} to become active
Published	10/29/2024	{{c4::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2818:top=.6975:width=.1013:height=.0422}}{{c4::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2442:top=.7438:width=.0833:height=.0545}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3478:top=.1663:width=.1164:height=.0543}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1549:top=.229:width=.1411:height=.0543}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3784:top=.1955:width=.1106:height=.0585}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1972:top=.2624:width=.287:height=.0606}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	Specifically {{c1::antigens (epitopes)}} are responsible for inducing an immune response.
Published	10/29/2024	The antigen presenting cells are {{c1::phagocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells.::x4}}
Published	10/29/2024	{{c2::B cells}} primarily act against {{c1::extracellular}} microbes, and can also recognize {{c1::3D antigens}}.
Published	10/29/2024	{{c5::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7952:top=.6043:width=.151:height=.0302}}{{c5::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7633:top=.923:width=.0943:height=.0341}}{{c1…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Dendritic cells}} are best at presenting antigens
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0502:top=.4631:width=.1353:height=.0585}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2008:top=.461:width=.1388:height=.0606}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0655:top=.229:width=.3482:height=.0523:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0643:top=.4234:width=.2235:height=.1254…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1881:top=.1286:width=.3449:height=.0751}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.5127:top=.213:width=.1528:height=.0648}}{{c…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1714:top=.1934:width=.1153:height=.0502}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2125:top=.2541:width=.1529:height=.0502}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	Helper T cells, which express {{c1::CD4}}, essentially release {{c1::cytokines}} that drive the entierty of the immune response.
Published	10/29/2024	Cytokines released by {{c2::helper T cells}} can {{c1::activate}} other cells such as {{c1::macrophages and B lymphocytes}}, and can promote {{c1::inf…
Published	10/29/2024	Cytotoxic T cells, which express {{c1::CD8}}, receive signals from helper T cells and can {{c1::kill infected cells directly.}} These cells also relea…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c3::image-occlusion:rect:left=.7766:top=.4424:width=.1574:height=.0772}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0104:top=.0031:width=.1105:height=.0648}}{{…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0514:top=.0764:width=.0659:height=.042}}{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2596:top=.028:width=.0694:height=.0378}}{{c1…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0643:top=.2332:width=.2011:height=.069:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0667:top=.4276:width=.2105:height=.0439…
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3643:top=.4715:width=.1564:height=.0502:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.0538:top=.5321:width=.1635:height=.054…
Published	10/29/2024	I personally hate this fkn slide bus make IO if you dont share my opinion
Published	10/29/2024	{{c1::Regulatory T cells (Treg)}} secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines such as {{c2::IL-10}} and {{c2::TGFβ}} to stop an immune response.
Published	10/29/2024	Tregs can induce {{c2::cell cycle arrest}} or {{c2::apoptosis}} of effector cells and also bind {{c1::IL2}} which is a {{c1::T cell}} growth factor&nb…
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