Notes in Antibiotics

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Published 08/28/2024 Carbapenems work by by binding bacterial {{c1::transpeptidases}}, inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Published 08/28/2024 Are penicillins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?{{c1::Bactericidal}}
Published 08/28/2024 Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?{{c1::Bactericidal}}
Published 08/28/2024 Resistance to Tetracyclines occurs in two primary ways1) Decreasing {{c1::uptake}}2) Increasing {{c2::efflux}}
Published 08/28/2024 What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs?{{c1::Macrolides}}
Published 08/28/2024 Are Fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?{{c1::Bactericidal}}
Published 08/28/2024 What is antibiotic resistance?Organism becomes resistant to something that {{c1::used to kill it}}
Published 08/28/2024 What is clinical resistance?Organism = resistant to drug @ [ ]s that {{c1::won't kill the patient}}
Published 08/28/2024 What is cross-resistance?A single mechanism results in resistance to {{c1::a family of antibiotics}}
Published 08/28/2024 What is multiple antibiotic resistance?Multiple mechanisms --> {{c1::resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics}}
Published 08/28/2024 What are some general targets of antibiotics?{{c1::Cell walls}}{{c1::Bacterial Protein Synthesis}}{{c1::Bacterial DNA replication}}
Published 08/28/2024 Antibiotics can either Keep bacteria from growing --> {{c1::bacteriostatic}} orkill it {{c1::bactericidal}}
Published 08/28/2024 What class of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?{{c1::ß-Lactams}}Ex: Amoxicillin{{c1::Glycopeptides}}Ex: Vancomycin
Published 08/28/2024 How do Gram (+) resist ß-lactams / Glycopeptides?1) Modify {{c1::PBPs (penecillin binding proteins)}}2) ß {{c1::lactamases}}3) {{c1::Efflux …
Published 08/28/2024 What class of antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis & are "cidal"?{{c1::Aminoglycosides}}
Published 08/28/2024 What class of antibiotics inhibits bacteria nucleic acid snythesis?{{c1::Fluoroquinolones}} inhibit DNA synthesis{{c1::Rifampin}} inhibits RNA synthes…
Published 08/28/2024 Which class of antibiotic disrupts the PM?{{c1::Membrane disruption class}}{{c1::Polymyxins}} for Gram (-){{c1::Daptomycin}} for Gram (+)
Published 08/28/2024 Which antibiotics classes are cidal?1) {{c1::ß-lactams/glycopeptides}}2) {{c1::Aminoglycosides}}3) {{c1::Nucleic Acid Synthesis --|s}}4)&nbs…
Published 08/28/2024 Bacteria can get resistance in two ways:From their {{c1::chromosomes}} or from "{{c1::mobile genetic elements}}" (plasmids, transposons…
Published 08/28/2024 Which bacteria have porins, which allow (small) antibiotics to get in easier?{{c1::Gram (-)}}
Published 08/28/2024 All ß-lactam antibiotics share what structure?{{c1::ß-lactam ring::A}}{{c1::Ring::A}} gets cleaved by {{c1::ß-Lactamases}}
Published 08/28/2024 Glycopeptide antibiotics only used on Gram (+) because:{{c1::They're so big}}
Published 08/28/2024 How do ß-lactam and Glycopeptides bind penecillin binding protein (PBP) to kill gram (+)s?Migrate through {{c1::cell wall, bind PBP which --|s ce…
Published 08/28/2024 In general, large drugs {{c1::cannot}} get into Gram (-) bacteria
Published 08/28/2024 How does {{c2::Daptomycin}} disrupt PMs?Oligomerizes in PM --> channel --> {{c1::pumps out K+}}Used w/ Gram {{c1::(+)}}
Published 08/28/2024 In general, the more you use an antibiotic, the more bacterial genes go <-- {{c1::chromosomes}} --> {{c1::plasmids}}
Published 08/28/2024 How do Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors work?Rifampin: {{c1::--| RNA polymerases}}(Fluoro)Quinolones: {{c1::--| DNA gyrase & topoisomer…
Published 08/28/2024 What kind of enzymes / features would you expect to see on a bacteria that's resistant to everything?A {{c1::Gram (-)}} bacteriawith downregulate…
Published 08/28/2024 What are the three bacteria that ~ pan-resistant (resistent to all antibiotics).1) {{c1::CREs (Carbapenum resistant Enterobacteriaceae)}}2) …
Published 08/28/2024 Remember, at this point, there = drug-resistant microbes everywhere, not just in {{c1::hospitals}}
Published 08/28/2024 Summary table of all antibiotic categories and some drugs in those categories {{c1::.}}
Published 08/28/2024 Which family of ß-Lactamases are broad spectrum?{{c1::Penicillins}}
Published 08/28/2024 Which family of ß-Lactams are extended spectrum?{{c1::Cephalosporins}}
Published 08/28/2024 What is the ∆ence btwn. glycopeptides and peptidoglycan?Peptidoglycan = {{c1::cell wall}}, while Glycopeptides = {{c1::a drug that destroys …
Published 08/28/2024 What class(es) of antibiotics ends with the suffix -mycin or -micin?{{c1::animoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides}}
Published 08/28/2024 The mechanisms for resistance for Gram (+) organisms against beta-lactams/glycopeptides are?{{c1::altered target - vancomycinbeta-lactamasesefflux}}
Published 08/28/2024 What are the mechanisms of resistance against aminoglycosides?{{c1::inactivating enzymesaltered targetefflux}}
Published 08/28/2024 What are the mechanisms of resistance against fluoroquinolones/rifampin?{{c1::altered target (ex: acetylation of DNA)effluxporins}}
Published 08/28/2024 {{c1::Lincosamides}} have broad {{c2::gram positive}} coverage including anaerobes and has excellent penetration of {{c3::tissues and bones. }}
Published 08/28/2024 Macrolides have broad {{c1::gram positive}} coverage
Published 08/28/2024 Nitroimidizoles only defend against {{c1::anaerobes::aerobes or anaerobes}}
Published 08/28/2024 Fluoroquinilones have broad {{c1::gram negative}} coverage and have good penetration of tissues, fluid, and bones
Published 08/28/2024 {{c1::Tetracyclines}} are broad spectrum and are good for treatment of {{c2::STD's}}. They uniquley target intracellular bacteria and spirochetes.
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