Notes in Cardiac Pathophysiology

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs during systole?
Published	01/10/2024	What occurs during diastole?
Published	01/10/2024	As the LV contracts, the pressure within the LV {{c1::increases}}, forcing blood through the {{c1::aortic valve::valve}} into the {{c1::aort…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Cardiac afterload}} is the {{c1::ventricular wall stress during systole}}
Published	01/10/2024	Law of Laplace (formula)
Published	01/10/2024	Law of Laplace (definition)
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Afterload}} is the amount of {{c2::resistance}} that the {{c2::ventricles}} must overcome during systole.
Published	01/10/2024	What factors affect left ventricular afterload?
Published	01/10/2024	How does systemic vascular resistance affect afterload?
Published	01/10/2024	How does aortic pressure affect afterload?
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Aortic stenosis}} occurs when the {{c2::aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally}}.
Published	01/10/2024	How does aortic stenosis affected cardiac afterload?
Published	01/10/2024	How does mitral regurgitation affect cardiac afterload?
Published	01/10/2024	The pressure at the end of diastole is called the {{c1::left ventricular end-diastolic pressure}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Cardiac preload}} is the {{c1::ventricular wall stress at the end of diastole}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Preload}} can also be defined as the length of {{c2::sarcomeres}} at the end of diastole
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::LVEDV}} is a surrogate used to measure and gauge cardiac preload
Published	01/10/2024	Factors affecting cardiac preload
Published	01/10/2024	Two factors affecting venous pressure and the rate of venous return are {{c1::venous tone}} and {{c1::circulating blood volume}}.
Published	01/10/2024	vasodilation -> {{c1::decreased}} return of the venous blood -> {{c1::decreased}} left ventricular pressure -> {{c1::decreased}} end-diastoli…
Published	01/10/2024	Low circulating blood volume -> {{c1::decreased}} end-diastolic volume -> {{c1::decreased }}preload
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Increased}} force of atrial contraction -> {{c1::increases}} the volume of blood that enters the ventricle -> {{c1::increase}} in end-dias…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Inflow resistance}} is created by the narrowing of {{c2::atrioventricular}} valve openings, such as {{c2::mitral stenosis and tricuspid stenosis…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Outflow resistance}} is created by the narrowing of {{c2::aortic and pulmonic}} valves, such as {{c2::aortic stenosis and pulmonary stenosi…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c2::Compliant}} ventricles -> {{c1::increased}} preload
Published	01/10/2024	Tachycardia -> {{c1::decreased}} filling time -> {{c1::decreased}} preload
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Cardiac contractility}} is a measure of the {{c2::strength of cardiomyocytes to contract.}}
Published	01/10/2024	This depolarization wave starts with the {{c1::sinoatrial (SA) node.}}
Published	01/10/2024	When {{c1::calcium ions::ion}} move from one cell into a neighboring cell via {{c1::intercalated disks::type of junctions}} -> propagation of the {…
Published	01/10/2024	What are T-tubules?
Published	01/10/2024	Processof calcium-induced calcium release
Published	01/10/2024	calcium-induced calcium release activates {{c1::actin}} and {{c1::myosin}}
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::increase}} intracellular calcium levels -> {{c1::increase}} cardiac contractility.
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::Inotropes}} are medications used to change {{c2::the force/rate with which the heart contracts}}
Published	01/10/2024	Phosphorylation of {{c1::phospholamban}} -> regulates {{c1::calcium ATPase::transporter}} -> transports calcium from the {{c1::cytoplasm into th…
Published	01/10/2024	{{c1::higher}} heart rate -> {{c1::more}} action potentials per unit of time -> {{c1::increase}} in the total calcium that enters the cell.
Published	01/10/2024	What is the postextrasystolic potentiation phenomenon?
Published	01/10/2024	MOA of Digoxin
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