Notes in 02NervePHY

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Axon Hillock}} - Site where action potentials are generated on a neuron because it has a high concentration of the necessary channels (dens…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Soma and dendrites::part of neuron}} have a higher percentage of {{c2::ligand}}-gated ion channels
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Axon::part of neuron}} have a higher percentage of voltage-gated {{c2::Na}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Axon terminal::part of neuron}} have a higher percentage of voltage-gated {{c2::Ca}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Equilibrium potential (mV)}} - Electrical potential of an ion that balances its chemical potential
Published	07/30/2024	Resting membrane potential of most cells: {{c1::-60}} mVFor neurons: {{c1::-70}} mV
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Nernst Equation}} - Calculates the voltage necessary to perfectly oppose the net movement of an ion down its concentration gradient
Published	07/30/2024	Nernst Equation:{{c1::\(\frac{61.5}{z}\log(\frac{[X]_{out}}{[X]_{in}})\) mV}}
Published	07/30/2024	Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) or Expanded Nernst Equation:{{c1::\(-61\log\frac{(C_{Na^{+}_{i}})(P_{Na^{+}})+(C_{K^{+}_{i}})(P_{K^{+}})+(C_{Cl^{-}_{o}})(P…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::\(\ce{K+, Na+, and Cl-}\)}} are the most important ions involved in potentials
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::\(\ce{K+}\)::ion}} has the highest concentration gradient, relative permeability, and conductance across a membrane AT RMP
Published	07/30/2024	The RMP will be near the Nernst potential of the ion to which the membrane has the {{c1::high::low/high}}est conductance
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::De}}polarization - From RMP, potential decreases, or the membrane becomes less negative
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Re}}polarization - Return to RMP after depolarization
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hyper}}polarization - From RMP, potential increases, or the membrane becomes more negative
Published	07/30/2024	Depolarization is mostly facilitated by the opening of gated {{c1::\(\ce{Na+}\)}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	Repolarization is mostly facilitated by the opening of gated {{c1::\(\ce{K+ and Cl-}\)}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Graded Potential}} - the greater the intensity of the stimulus, the greater is the change (magnitude and duration) in membrane potential
Published	07/30/2024	Threshold Potential of Nerve: {{c1::-55}} mV
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Sub}}threshold stimulus - Causes weak depolarization (graded potential), will not trigger AP
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::}}threshold stimulus - Lowest intensity that will trigger AP
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Supra}}threshold stimulus - Higher intensity, will trigger AP but amplitude is the same
Published	07/30/2024	Magnitude of AP’s produced are {{c1::the same::the same/different}}, and are {{c1::ind::ind/d}}ependent of stimulus intensity
Published	07/30/2024	Na-K ATPase Pump contributes Contributes {{c1::-4}} mV to the RMP
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Overshoot}} - Phase where membrane potential goes from 0 - {{c2::30}} mV
Published	07/30/2024	RMP GateAT RMPNa+ Activation Gate{{c1::Closed}}Na+ Inactivation Gate{{c1::Open}}K+ Gate{{c1::Closed}}
Published	07/30/2024	Depolarization GateAT RMPNa+ Activation Gate{{c1::Open}}Na+ Inactivation Gate{{c1::Open}}K+ Gate{{c1::Closed}}
Published	07/30/2024	Repolarization GateAT RMPNa+ Activation Gate{{c1::Open}}Na+ Inactivation Gate{{c1::Closed}}K+ Gate{{c1::Open}}
Published	07/30/2024	Afterhyperpolarization GateAT RMPNa+ Activation Gate{{c1::Open (still closing)}}Na+ Inactivation Gate{{c1::Closed (still opening)…
Published	07/30/2024	At threshold (-55mV), both voltage-gated {{c1::\(\ce{Na+ and K+}\)}} channels are triggered
Published	07/30/2024	Absolute refractory period duration: Period from {{c1::DEPOLARIZATION to the first two-thirds of REPOLARIZATION}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Refractory Period}} - Ensures one-way propagation of an action potential
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Threshold Potential Negativity 2. Excitability{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Resting Membrane Potential Negativity 2. Excitability{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Hyper}}calcemia Causes {{c2::TP::TP/RMP}} to become {{c1::less::less/more}} negative leading to {{c1::less::less/more}} excitability
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Hypo}}calcemia Causes {{c2::TP::TP/RMP}} to become {{c1::more::less/more}} negative leading to {{c1::more::less/more}} excitability
Published	07/30/2024	Muscle weakness is caused by hyp{{c1::er}}calcemia
Published	07/30/2024	Chvostek's sign is caused by hyp{{c1::o}}calcemia
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Hypo}}kalemia Causes {{c2::RMP::TP/RMP}} to become {{c1::more::less/more}} negative leading to {{c1::less::less/more}} excitability
Published	07/30/2024	{{c3::Hypo}}kalemia Causes {{c2::RMP::TP/RMP}} to become {{c1::less::less/more}} negative leading to {{c1::more::less/more}} excitability
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Pre}}-synaptic axon terminal contains Voltage gated \(\ce{Ca^2+}\) channels
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Post}}-synaptic axon terminal contains Ligand gated Ion Channels
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Frequency in the Nervous System 1. Electrical Synapses 2. Chemical Synapses{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neurotransmitters attaching to the ligand gated ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane produce graded potentials termed as {{c1::postsynaptic poten…
Published	07/30/2024	If the effect of the neurotransmitter {{c1::excites/depolarizes::excites/depolarizes or inhibits/hyperpolarizes}} the postsynaptic membrane, an {{c2::…
Published	07/30/2024	If the effect of the neurotransmitter {{c1::inhibits/hyperpolarizes::excites/depolarizes or inhibits/hyperpolarizes}} the postsynaptic membrane, an {{…
Published	07/30/2024	ESPSs open ligand gated {{c1::\(\ce{Na+}\)}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	ISPSs open ligand gated {{c1::\(\ce{K+ or Cl-}\)}} channels
Published	07/30/2024	Most general examples of ESPS generating NTs:{{c1::Glutamate and Aspartate}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most general examples of ISPS generating NTs:{{c1::Glycine and GABA}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Spatial}} summation is the simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neurons leading to the release of excitatory neurotransmitters
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Temporal}} summation is the High frequency stimulation by ONE presynaptic neuron leading to a release of numerous excitatory neurotransmitters
Published	07/30/2024	[VR] 1. Diameter of Nerve 2. Conduction Velocity{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Relative permeability at depolarization 1. K 2. Na{{c1::B}}
Status	Last Update	Fields