Notes in Basic renal phys and cardiac development

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Published	09/29/2023	trajectory of cardiac development
Published	09/29/2023	5aea2c9144f447af876c407ec55ba639-ao-1
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Published	09/29/2023	5aea2c9144f447af876c407ec55ba639-ao-5
Published	09/29/2023	what stage is this?
Published	09/29/2023	what point is this?
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Published	09/29/2023	identify the structure and what it becomes!
Published	09/29/2023	during {{c1::convergence}} the developing heart undergoes {{c2::dextral looping}}, {{c2::asymmetric proliferation along the right margin of the heart …
Published	09/29/2023	during {{c1::septation}}, the {{c2::atria and ventricles are divided from each other and established}}.
Published	09/29/2023	21cb141d62e04f359c06b7dadcfe6384-ao-1
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Published	09/29/2023	21cb141d62e04f359c06b7dadcfe6384-ao-3
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Published	09/29/2023	21cb141d62e04f359c06b7dadcfe6384-ao-6
Published	09/29/2023	how do these structures go on to develop the final heart structures?
Published	09/29/2023	the modifications of the fetal circulations during development are the {{c1::umbilical veins and arteries}}, {{c2::ductus venosus}}, {{c3::f…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction}} in the fetal alveoli increases resistance in the pulmonary arteries and {{c2::increases pressure in the rig…
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::ductus venosus}} branches from umbilical vein and connects to inferior vena cava- {{c2::bypasses hepatic circulation and delivers oxygenated…
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::Foramen ovale}} in between right and left atrium opens along pressure gradient, allows {{c2::blood flow to left atrium and bypass of pu…
Published	09/29/2023	Pulmonary artery and aorta connected by the {{c1::ductus arteriosus}}, allowing travel from high pressure pulmonary artery to aorta in fetal circulati…
Published	09/29/2023	the ductus arteriosus is kept open by {{c2::prostaglandin}}, which are secreted by the {{c1::placenta}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::umbilical arteries}} are derived from the internal iliac arteries, and bring {{c2::deoxygenated blood to placenta.}}
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Creatinine}} is measure of {{c2::kidney filtration at glomerulus.}} {{c1::High serum creatinine and/or low urine creatinine}} indicates poor kid…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Albumin}} is measure of {{c2::renal/glomerular cell cohesion.}} {{c1::High urine albumin}} levels indicate “leak”/ inappropriate diffusion out o…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::polyuria}} indicates {{c2::too much fluid in blood, underactive RAAS, or aquaporin issue.  }}
Published	09/29/2023	4983d9da64d9452a8394ec36e116679a-ao-1
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Published	09/29/2023	4983d9da64d9452a8394ec36e116679a-ao-4
Published	09/29/2023	4983d9da64d9452a8394ec36e116679a-ao-5
Published	09/29/2023	4983d9da64d9452a8394ec36e116679a-ao-6
Published	09/29/2023	what are the blue things extending around the basement membrane?
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c2::glomerular filtration barrier}} is selective based on s{{c1::ize, charge, transcapillary pressure }}
Published	09/29/2023	in the nephron, {{c1::Na/K ATPase}} is mostly expressed on the {{c2::interstitial/capillary side}} of the endothelial reabsorbing cells to maintain {{…
Published	09/29/2023	Solutes/substances absorbed from the PCT
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Published	09/29/2023	e92bc7cc195d46b2a3255ed2d4ebc718-oa-7
Published	09/29/2023	collecting duct
Published	09/29/2023	8cb17622f65943a5babad5266df37abf-oa-1
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Published	09/29/2023	8cb17622f65943a5babad5266df37abf-oa-11
Published	09/29/2023	prox convoluted tubule
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::carbonic anhydrase}} acts in the PCT {{c2::to convert HCO3 to CO2 and water}} that can travel into the endothelial cell. once inside, it convert…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::SGL2 (Na/glucose cotransporter)}} in the PCT allows for {{c2::glucose uptake along the Na gradient.}} {{c2::glucose}} can then be transported ba…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::aquaporn1}} in the descending loop of henle {{c2::are not}} hormonally regulated. {{c1::aquaporn2}} in the collecting duct are {{c2::ADH-depende…
Published	09/29/2023	the ascending loop of henle establishes the loop's {{c1::osmolarity gradient}} and is {{c1::impermeable}} to water. important channels include the {{c…
Published	09/29/2023	{{c1::Loop diuretics}} {{c2::block the NaKCl cotransporter in the ascending Loop of Henle}} and {{c1::prevent water resorption }}
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::DTC}} is critical for {{c2::maintaining the nephron's electrochemical gradient}}. the {{c3::Na/Cl cotransporter}} is crucial for this
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::collecting duct}} is the site of {{c2::hormonally-regulated solute and water uptake + secretion}}. key channels include {{c3::ENaC channels,…
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::collecting duct}} is the primary site of {{c2::K+ excretion}}
Published	09/29/2023	the {{c1::ENaC}} moves Na from the collecting duct to the bloodstream. it is regulated hormonally by {{c1::aldosterone}}, which {{c2::increases Na+ re…
Published	09/29/2023	in the collecting duct, {{c1::water resportion by aquaporin2}} is hormonally regulated by {{c2::ADH}}, which {{c1::increases water resorption in respo…
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