Notes in G28 Blood + Homopoiesis

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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Neutrophils}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Hypersegmented neutrophil and megaloblastic RBCs}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Eosinophils}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Basophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Lymphocytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Monocytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Platelet}}
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Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Basophilic erythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Polychromatophilic erythroblasts}}
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Published	11/02/2024	What are the formed elements of blood?{{c1::erythrocytesleukocytesplatelets}}
Published	11/02/2024	What protein is absent from serum that is found in plasma?{{c1::Fibrinogen}}
Published	11/02/2024	During centrifugation, a white middle line called the {{c1::buffy coat}} forms and is composed of {{c1::leukocytes and platelets}}
Published	11/02/2024	What are the characteristic colors of the wright giemsa stain?{{c1::eosinophilia - redbasophilia - blueazurophilia - reddish-purpleneutrophilia - salm…
Published	11/02/2024	Albumin is produced in the {{c1::liver}} and serves to {{c1::maintain the osmotic pressure of blood}}
Published	11/02/2024	The biconcave disc of erythrocytes is maintained by {{c1::ATPases that walk along the apical actin-spectrin network}}
Published	11/02/2024	Red blood cells tend to form stacks termed {{c1::rouleaux formations}} which is an indication of {{c1::high plasma proteins}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Erythroblastosis fetalis}} is the term for a blood group incombatibility between the mother and fetus pertaining to Rh factor.
Published	11/02/2024	Neutrophils are the {{c1::immediate first line of defense}} and can survive in tissues for {{c1::1-4 days}}
Published	11/02/2024	Neutrophils primarily function in the defense against {{c1::bacteria}} and are typically {{c1::not found}} in healthy tissues
Published	11/02/2024	Nonspecific (primary) granules stain {{c1::azuro}}philic and contain:{{c1::Elastase}}: {{c2::a hydrolytic enzyme that degrades elastin}}{{c1::Myeloper…
Published	11/02/2024	The secondary (specific) granules of neutrophils include:{{c1::collagenases}}: {{c2::ECM degrading enzymes }}{{c1::lactoferrin}}{{c1::anti-bacter…
Published	11/02/2024	Which granulocyte is phagocytic?{{c1::Neutrophils}}
Published	11/02/2024	Pus is composed primarily of {{c1::dead neutrophils}}.
Published	11/02/2024	Neutrophils in megaloblastic anemias are often {{c1::hypersegmented}}
Published	11/02/2024	Eosinophils primarily function to:1. {{c1::potentiate/contain immune responses through interactions with mast cells and basophils}}2. {{c1::fight para…
Published	11/02/2024	The specific granules of the eosinophil can be subdivided into the {{c1::matrix}} and the {{c1::central dense crystalloid inclusion body}}
Published	11/02/2024	The matrix of eosinophilic secondary granules contains:eosinophilic {{c1::cationic protein}}eosinophilic {{c1::neurotoxin}}eosinophilic {{c1::per…
Published	11/02/2024	The central dense crystalloid inclusion body of the eosinophils contains {{c1::major basic protein}}. It functions to {{c1::kill parasites}} and {{c1:…
Published	11/02/2024	Basophils are believed to play a role in {{c1::immune responses}} as an extension of {{c1::mast cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Eosinophils}} are the only granulocytes that are normally observed in healthy tissue
Published	11/02/2024	The secondary (specific) granules of {{c3::basophils}} include{{c1::histamine}} - {{c2::vasodilation and contraction of bronchioles}}{{c1::heparin}} -…
Published	11/02/2024	how do basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils interact with one another
Published	11/02/2024	Leukocytes can be divided into {{c1::granulocytes}} and {{c1::agranulocytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Agranulocytes contain {{c1::no specific granules, but may contain some nonspecific granules}}
Published	11/02/2024	Characterize the following lymphocytes generally:t cells: {{c1::adaptive immune system, mature in thymus}}b cells: {{c2::function in adaptive immunity…
Published	11/02/2024	Monocytes typically circulate in the blood for {{c1::<3 days}} before extravasation
Published	11/02/2024	Platelets typically have a lifespan of {{c1::7-10 days}}
Published	11/02/2024	Platelets are {{c1::hematopoietic}} in origin and are derived from {{c1::megakaryoctyes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Platelets are also known as {{c1::thrombocytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	Megakaryocytes give rise to platelets through {{c1::cytoplasmic extensions called proplatelets that penetrate the sinusoidal bone marrow endothelium}}
Published	11/02/2024	The specific granules of platelets can be subdivided into:{{c1::alpha}} granules (300-500 nm): {{c2::platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), PF4, vWF}}…
Published	11/02/2024	Specific terminology of hematopoiesis by lineage:a. {{c1::leukopoiesis}} – leukocytes b. {{c1::granulopoiesis}} – granulocytes c.&…
Published	11/02/2024	Bone marrow can be divided into {{c1::hematopoietic red}} marrow and {{c1::yellow}} marrow
Published	11/02/2024	Proportion of red and yellow marrow in newborns: {{c1::100% red marrow}}
Published	11/02/2024	Thrombopoietin stimulates the differentiation of {{c1::megakaryoblasts}} and their progenitors. It is secreted by the {{c1::kidneys and liver}}
Published	11/02/2024	IL-3 functions to stimulate the formation of all cells of {{c1::granulocyte, monocyte, and thrombocyte}} lineage
Published	11/02/2024	IL-4 serves to stimulate {{c1::the differentiation of basophils and mast cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	IL-5 functions to stimulate the {{c1::differentiation of eosinophils and B lymphocytes}}
Published	11/02/2024	0b5e8fa508944f2ab8954f04db837c41-ao-1
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Published	11/02/2024	IL-7 functions primarily to stimulate {{c1::the differentiation of lymphoid stem cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	What are the 6 stages of erythrocyte development?1. {{c1::proerythroblast}}2. {{c1::basophilic erythroblast}}3. {{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblast}…
Published	11/02/2024	The final mitotically active cell of erythrocyte development is the {{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	The stages of granulocyte development:{{c1::myeloblast}}{{c1::promyelocyte}}{{c1::myelocyte}}{{c1::metamyelocyte}}{{c1::mature granulocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	Primary granules are first expressed in granulocyte development in the {{c1::promyelocyte}} stage
Published	11/02/2024	Granulocyte lineage commitment is made with the production of secondary granules, observed first during the {{c1::myelocyte}} stage
Published	11/02/2024	The {{c1::myelocyte}} stage is the last stage in granulocyte development in which cells can undergo mitosis.
Published	11/02/2024	Initial lobulation typically occurs in the {{c1::metamyelocyte}} stage of granulocyte development
Published	11/02/2024	In the {{c1::orthochromatic erythroblast}} ({{c1::normoblast}}) stage of erythrocyte production, the nucleus is extruded
Published	11/02/2024	myeloid progenitor → {{c1::megakaryoblasts}} → {{c1::megakaryocytes}} → {{c1::protoplatelets}} → platelets (mature in circulation)
Published	11/02/2024	Acute leukemias are more common in {{c1::children}} and involve neoplasms of {{c1::less mature blast cell populations}}. Chronic leukemias a…
Published	11/02/2024	What are the various types of circulating leukocytes from most to least abundant?1 {{c1::neutrophils}} (most)2 {{c1::lymphocytes}}3 {{c1::monocytes}}4…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::erythrocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::sickle cell disease::what is wrong with this sample?}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::macrophages}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::monocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::monocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::microcytic hypochromic anemia::what is wrong with this image?}}
Published	11/02/2024	Basophils share a common progenitor with {{c1::mast}} cells
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::lymphocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::plasma cell}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	What cell type is likely to be most elevated in each of the following infections? Viral: {{c1::lymphocytes}}Parasitic: {{c1::eosinophils}}Bacteria: {{…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::mast cell}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::reticulocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::proerythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::orthochomatic erythroblast (normoblast)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::normoblast (orthochromatic erythroblast)}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophilic erythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::polychromatophilic erythoblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::proerythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::orthochromatic erythroblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophilic metamyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::band eosinophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophilic myelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophil metamyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::band neutrophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophilic myelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::promyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophilic metamyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophilic myelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::myeloblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::megakaryocyte in a bone marrow sample}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophlic myelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophilic metamyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::band neutrophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::promyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::myeloblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::promyelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophilic myelocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	Megakaryoctyes develop through a process of intracellular DNA replication termed {{c1::endomitosis}}
Published	11/02/2024	The primary (non-specific) granules of basophils contain {{c1::histamine, heparin, leukotrienes, eosinophilic chemotactic factor (ECF), neutrophil che…
Published	11/02/2024	The primary granules of neutrophils are modified {{c1::lysosomes}} containing:{{c1::myeloperoxidaselysozymedefensinselastases}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::rouleaux formation}}
Published	11/02/2024	1. {{c1::erythrocytes}}2. {{c1::thrombocyte}}3. {{c1::endothelial cells of a type I capillary}}
Published	11/02/2024	1. {{c1::basophil}}2. {{c1::thrombocyte}}3. {{c1::monocyte}}4. {{c1::erythrocyte}}5. {{c1::monocyte}}6. {{c1::lymphocyte}}7. {{c1::eosinophil}}8. {{c1…
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophils}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::eosinophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::basophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::neutrophil}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::lymphocyte}}
Published	11/02/2024	1. {{c1::bone marrow aspirate}}2. {{c1::granulocytic (eosinophilic) lineage}}3. {{c1::basophilic erythroblast}}4. {{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblas…
Published	11/02/2024	1. {{c1::bone marrow aspirate}}2. {{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblast}}3. {{c1::basophilic erythroblast}}4. {{c1::normoblast (othrochromatic erythro…
Published	11/02/2024	Top: {{c1::proerythroblast}}Bottom row from left to right: {{c1::basophilic erythoblast}}, {{c1::polychromatophilic erythroblast}}, {{c1::normoblast}}
Published	11/02/2024	The Barr body is best visualized in {{c1::neutrophils::cell type}} histologically.
Published	11/02/2024	on average, normal adults have approximately {{c1::5}} liters of blood that represents {{c1::6-8}}% of total body weight
Published	11/02/2024	plasma makes up 55% of blood and consists of {{c1::water}}, {{c1::proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogens, regulatory proteins)}}, and other solute…
Published	11/02/2024	leukocytes perform most of their functions {{c1::outside of the blood::location}}
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Published	11/02/2024	granulocytes contain {{c1::nonspecific (primary)}} and {{c1::specific (secondary)}} granules
Published	11/02/2024	specific (secondary) granules stain {{c1::salmon-pink}}
Published	11/02/2024	during acute inflammation induced by bacteria, {{c1::neutrophils}} appear first
Published	11/02/2024	{{c2::basophils}} express receptors for {{c1::Fc fragment of IgE}}
Published	11/02/2024	how many nuclear lobes do each type of granulocytes have?neutrophils: {{c1::3-4}}eosinophils: {{c1::2}}basophils: {{c1::2-3}}
Published	11/02/2024	Bone marrow becomes the site of hematopoiesis during the {{c1::second}} trimester of pregnancy
Published	11/02/2024	some lymphocytes can live for many years and are known as {{c1::memory cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	monocytes have a {{c1::kidney}}-shaped nucleus
Published	11/02/2024	Hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be found in the “blood islands” of an embryo’s {{c1::yolk sac}} at {{c1::2}} weeks of development
Published	11/02/2024	hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to progenitor cells called {{c1::colony-forming units (CFUs)}}
Published	11/02/2024	CFUs have 3 restricted potentials:1. {{c1::granulocyte-monocyte lineage of CFU-granulocytes-monocytes (CFU-GM)}}2. {{c1::thrombocytic lineage of …
Published	11/02/2024	colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are hemopoietic GFs that {{c1::stimulate commited precursor cells}}
Published	11/02/2024	the 4 types of hemopoietic growth factors are:{{c1::colony stimulating factors (CSFs)erythropoietin (EPO)thrombopoietin interleukins (ILs)}}
Published	11/02/2024	during RBC development, the cytoplasm color changes from {{c1::blue}} to {{c1::red}}
Published	11/02/2024	the cytoplasm of polychromatophilic erythroblasts is {{c1::blue-grey}} or {{c1::pink/blue}}
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