Notes in 02Embryology

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Published	07/30/2024	How many weeks does it take to develop an egg?
Published	07/30/2024	from conception to birth, a single fertilized egg cell develops into a fully formed human being in how many weeks
Published	07/30/2024	time between conception (the union of an egg and a sperm cell) and birth
Published	07/30/2024	The prenatal period is divided into two stages:
Published	07/30/2024	The embryonic period spans how many weeks?
Published	07/30/2024	The fetal period spans how many weeks?
Published	07/30/2024	In this period of prenatal development, all major organs are in place and the early form of the body looks distinctly human
Published	07/30/2024	In this period of prenatal development, the organs grow larger and more complex
Published	07/30/2024	The basic human body plan is evident by which month of development?
Published	07/30/2024	The fertilized oocyte is now called a
Published	07/30/2024	After fertilization, what happens to the zygote?
Published	07/30/2024	Early division sequence after fertilization provides the large number of cells needed as building blocks for the embryo
Published	07/30/2024	When the morula enters the uterus, it consists of how about many cells?
Published	07/30/2024	On what day does the morula enter the uterus?
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Blastocyst}} - Formed at the {{c2::4th}} day when the morula forms a {{c3::blastocoele}}
Published	07/30/2024	How many distinct types of cells are obvious in the blastocyst stage?{{c1::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	On what day does the zygote cleave into 4 cells?
Published	07/30/2024	On what day does the zygote cleave into the final morula?
Published	07/30/2024	What are the 2 distinct types of cells are obvious in the blastocyst stage{{c1::1. inner cell mass → embryoblast2. outer cell mass →&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	The inner cell mass of the blastocyst will form the
Published	07/30/2024	the trophoblast of the blastocyst will form the
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::blastocyst}} stage lasts about {{c1::3}} days, from day {{c1::4}} to day {{c1::7}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The blastocyst starts implanting itself to the uterus by day {{c1::6-7}} and it takes {{c2::1}} week
Published	07/30/2024	What happens when the inner cell mass splits into 2 during week 1 or 2 cleavage?
Published	07/30/2024	When do monozygotic twins occur
Published	07/30/2024	Identical twins that are born joined together are called
Published	07/30/2024	How many days after fertilization does the inner cell mass divide into 2 sheets of cells?
Published	07/30/2024	9 days after fertilization, what happens to the inner cell mass?
Published	07/30/2024	Together, the epiblast and hypoblast make up the
Published	07/30/2024	The sac formed by an extension of the epiblast is the
Published	07/30/2024	The outer membrane of the amniotic sac is called the
Published	07/30/2024	the internal amniotic sac cavity is filled with
Published	07/30/2024	This fluid buffers the developing embryo and fetus from physical shock until the time of birth
Published	07/30/2024	“The mother’s water broke just before she gave birth.” This refers to the
Published	07/30/2024	formed by an extension of the hypoblast
Published	07/30/2024	The hypoblast holds a lot of yolk [T/F]
Published	07/30/2024	The human yolk sac is important because the {{c1::digestive tube}} forms from part of it
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::hemangioblasts}} induced in the {{c3::blood islands of the mesoderm}} around the yolk sac gives rise to the earliest {{c1::blood cells and blood…
Published	07/30/2024	On what day is implantation of the blastocyst complete
Published	07/30/2024	the embryo grows from a two-layered disc to a three-layered (trilaminar) disc during what week?
Published	07/30/2024	embryo growth from a two-layered disc to a three-layered (trilaminar) disc is called?
Published	07/30/2024	three primary germ layers
Published	07/30/2024	The germ layer begins to form on what days
Published	07/30/2024	raised groove that appears on the dorsal surface of the epiblast on days 14-15
Published	07/30/2024	On days {{c4::14-15}}, {{c1::Epiblast cells}} cells migrate inward at the primitive streak, become flask-shaped and slip beneath it to form the {…
Published	07/30/2024	the ingressing epiblast cells form a new layer between epiblast and endoderm, the {{c1::mesoderm}} on day {{c2::16}}
Published	07/30/2024	The epiblast cells that remain on the embryo’s dorsal surface after gastrulation make up the {{c1::ectoderm}}
Published	07/30/2024	All 3 primary germ layers of the body are derived from the {{c1::epiblast}}
Published	07/30/2024	Germ layer that forms the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), the brain, and the spinal cord.
Published	07/30/2024	forms muscle, bone, and connective tissues.
Published	07/30/2024	forms the innermost lining of the inner tube (epithelial lining)
Published	07/30/2024	Germ layer cells that are free to migrate widely within the embryo
Published	07/30/2024	Germ cell layer/s with epithelial tissue type
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::cephalic}} end of the primitive streak, the {{c2::primitive node}}, consists of a slightly elevated area surrounding the small {{c2::primiti…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Prenotochordal}} cells invaginating in the primitive node move {{c1::forward cranially::direction}} in the midline until they reach the {{c3::pr…
Published	07/30/2024	mesodermal cells + a few cells from the underlying endoderm, form a rod called the {{c1::notochord}} that defines the body axis and the site of t…
Published	07/30/2024	The notochord appears on day {{c1::16}}, and by day {{c1::18}} it reaches the future head region
Published	07/30/2024	As the notochord develops, it signals the overlying {{c1::ectoderm}} to start forming the {{c2::spinal cord}} and {{c2::brain}}, an event called …
Published	07/30/2024	Closure of the neural tube begins at the {{c1::end::start/end}} of week {{c2::3}} in the region that will become the {{c3::neck}} and then proceeds {{…
Published	07/30/2024	As the neural folds elevate and fuse, {{c1::neural crest}} cells leave the {{c4::lateral ridges (neural folds) of the neural plate}} after {{c3::closu…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::neural crest}} forms the sensory nerve cells
Published	07/30/2024	The ability of one group of cells to influence the developmental direction of other cells is called {{c1::induction}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Spina Bifida}} - When the caudal portion of the neural tube does not close completely, causing malformation of the spinal cord, spine, and spina…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Anencephaly}} - Neural tube fails to close cranially. The brain does not develop, and the baby is either stillborn or dies within a few hours af…
Published	07/30/2024	Up to 70% of neural tube defects can be prevented by {{c1::400 μg of folic acid 3 months prior to conception}}
Published	07/30/2024	the mesoderm lies lateral to the notochord on both sides of the body and extends cranially to caudally (from head to tail) by what week?
Published	07/30/2024	By the end of week 3, the mesoderm has divided: [Medial to Lateral]{{c1::1. Paraxial Mesoderm (Segmented)2. Intermediate Mesoderm (Temporary)3. L…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::paraxial mesoderm}} and divides into a series of blocks called {{c2::somitomeres → somites}} in a {{c3::cephalocaudal}} direction
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::intermediate}} mesoderm begins lateral to the {{c3::paraxial}} mesoderm. Influenced by the segmentation of the {{c3::somites}}, the cephalic…
Published	07/30/2024	The lateral plate begins as one layer, but soon splits into {{c1::two::number}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::lateral plate}} mesoderm splits into the {{c2::somatic and splanchnic mesoderms}} which line the {{c3::intraembryonic cavity}}
Published	07/30/2024	What will happen to the coelom that intervenes between the splanchnic and somatic mesoderm?
Published	07/30/2024	Which grow faster: the embryonic disc or the yolk sac
Published	07/30/2024	As the embryo becomes cylindrical, it encloses a tubular part of the yolk sac, called the
Published	07/30/2024	The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract is from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The embryo remains attached to the yolk sac below by a duct located at the future navel. This duct becomes incorporated into the
Published	07/30/2024	The CNS and PNS are from the {{c1::ectoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The epidermis and associated appendages and glands are from the {{c1::ectoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The pituitary gland are from the {{c1::ectoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Melanocytes from the {{c1::neural crest cell mesenchyme tissue from the ectoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The bones of the face and teeth from are from the {{c1::neural crest cell mesenchyme tissue from the ectoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The epithelial lining of the GIT is from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The thyroid and paratyroid are from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The reticular stroma of the tonsils and the thymus are from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The parathyroid epithelial lining of the urinary bladderand the urethra is from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity and auditory tube is from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The liver and pancreas from the {{c1::endoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	What germ layer is the nucleus pulposus from?
Published	07/30/2024	These spherical centers give the vertebral column some bounce as we walk
Published	07/30/2024	What are the parts the somites divide into:{{c1::1. Sclerotome (medial)2. Myotome3. Dermatome (lateral)}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::vertebra and rib}} are from {{c1::sclerotome of the somites of the mesoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::dermis and muscles of the back}} are from the {{c2::dermatome of the somites of the mesoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cells at the {{c1::dorsomedial and ventrolateral edges of the upper region}} of the somite form precursors for muscle cells, whereas cells {{c1::…
Published	07/30/2024	Each myotome grows {{c1::ventrally::direction}} until it extends the entire dorsal-to-ventral height of the trunk.
Published	07/30/2024	The kidneys and the gonads from the {{c1::intermediate mesoderm lateral to each somite::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	What germ layer are the musculature, connective tissues, and the slippery visceral serosae of the digestive and respiratory structures from?
Published	07/30/2024	The heart and most blood vessels are from the {{c1::splanchnic mesoderm::germ layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	What germ layer are the parietal serosa and the dermal layer of the skin in the ventral body region from?
Published	07/30/2024	the first rudiments of the limbs appear as limb buds at what day
Published	07/30/2024	All major organs are in place by the end of what month
Published	07/30/2024	A premature birth is one that occurs before
Published	07/30/2024	At what premature week can a baby be born w/o the need for life-saving measures
Published	07/30/2024	Chemical, physical, and biological factors that disrupt development and cause birth defects are called
Published	07/30/2024	“danger period” of embryonic development
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Morula}} - Solid cluster of {{c2::12-16}} cells generated by the cleavage of the zygote after {{c3::3 days (72 hours)::time frame}}
Published	07/30/2024	Layer of the blastocyst that becomes the placenta{{c1::trophoblast}}
Published	07/30/2024	Most birth defects can be traced to disruption of the developmental events during this part of the prenatal period:
Published	07/30/2024	when is the blastocyst formed
Published	07/30/2024	When do the first few somites appear
Published	07/30/2024	When does the flat embryo becomes cylindrical
Published	07/30/2024	When does the primitive streak appear
Published	07/30/2024	The sex of the fetus can generally be distinguished at what weeks?
Published	07/30/2024	A procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid. A needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls, and a small amount of amniotic flu…
Published	07/30/2024	Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (2)
Published	07/30/2024	During neurulation, the ectoderm in the dorsal midline thickens into a {{c1::neural plate}}, and then folds inward as a {{c1::neural groove}}. This de…
Published	07/30/2024	The first pair of somites arises in the occipital region of the embryo at approximately the {{c2::20th}} day of development. At the end of the 5th wee…
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