Notes in Physiology II - Respiratory

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V/Q ratio and CO2 transport

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/23/2024	Discuss the Cl- shift (Hamburger phenomenon) in systemic capillaries vs. pulmonary capillaries
Published	02/03/2024	What is the respiratory quotient?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the 3 primary causes of hypercapnia?
Published	01/23/2024	How can you measure FRC?
Published	01/23/2024	Why cant spirometry measure FRC?
Published	01/23/2024	What is asthma?
Published	01/23/2024	What is PNA?
Published	01/23/2024	What is emphysema?
Published	02/01/2024	Explain flow volume loops - difference between obstructive & restrictive
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	What are the different pulmonary function tests?
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	What is cheyne stokes breathing? Causes?
Published	01/23/2024	What is biot breathing? Causes?
Published	01/23/2024	What is Kussmauls breathing? causes?
Published	01/23/2024	What is cheyne stokes breathing? Causes?
Published	01/29/2024	What procedure puts the patient at risk for damaging peripheral chemoreceptors?
Published	01/23/2024	Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the primary regulator of the peripheral chemoreceptors?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the primary regulator of central chemoreception?
Published	01/23/2024	Volatile vs non-volatile compounds
Published	01/23/2024	What are J receptors?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the Hering Breur Reflex?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the major components of the medullary respiratory center and functions?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the haldane effect?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the Chloride shift (Hamburger phenomenon)?
Published	01/23/2024	How is C02 converted to H+ and HC03-?
Published	01/28/2024	ScVO2, SVO2, CaO2, PaO2, SaO2
Published	01/23/2024	What is the Bohr effect?
Published	02/21/2024	What is P50?
Published	01/23/2024	What will cause a left shift  on the Oxy-Hgb curve?
Published	01/23/2024	What will cause a right shift on the Oxy-Hgb curve ?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the two ways 02 is transported?
Published	01/23/2024	02 Content vs 02 Delivery
Published	01/23/2024	What can increase functional residual capacity?
Published	01/23/2024	What can decrease functional residual capacity?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the different capacities?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the different volumes?
Published	02/26/2024	Which airways have the greatest resistance to air flow?
Published	01/23/2024	What is work?
Published	01/23/2024	What is total pulmonary lung compliance?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the diffusion coefficients of 02 and C02?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the solubility coefficients of 02 and C02?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the alveolar gas equation?
Published	01/23/2024	What does the alveolar gas equation tell us?
Published	01/23/2024	What zone do you want the tip of the PA catheter?
Published	01/23/2024	Identify the different west lung zones and properties
Published	01/23/2024	LaPlaces Law
Published	01/23/2024	What is the function of surfactant?
Published	01/23/2024	How does the body manage V/Q mismatch?
Published	02/06/2024	Describe V/Q ratio moving from the base to the apex
Published	02/05/2024	Non-dependent vs. dependent lung regions based on position
Published	01/23/2024	Non-dependent vs. dependent areas of the lung
Published	01/23/2024	What is the normal V/Q ratio? What does an increase or decrease mean?
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	What is alveolar compliance?
Published	01/23/2024	How to calculate physiologic dead space ?
Published	01/23/2024	What causes a decrease in dead space?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the types of dead space?
Published	02/03/2024	What is alveolar ventilation (VA)?
Published	01/23/2024	What is minute volume (Ve)?
Published	01/23/2024	What is the average amount of dead space (Vd) in a 70kg male?
Published	01/23/2024	What is tidal volume (Vt)?
Published	01/23/2024	Different pressures in thoracic cavity
Published	01/23/2024	What is Transpulmonary Pressure ?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the 3 airway zones?
Published	01/28/2024	What can cause pleural effusion?
Published	01/23/2024	What can lead to pulmonary edema?
Published	01/23/2024	What helps to keep alveoli dry?
Published	01/23/2024	What helps to regulate alveolar capillary blood flow?
Published	01/23/2024	Pulmonary blood volume and flow
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	Pulmonary Circulation Pressures
Published	01/23/2024	How does pressure change throughout the heart?
Published	01/23/2024	Describe how respiratory muscles function during breathing cycle.
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	What contributes to the rate of exchange across a membrane?
Published	01/23/2024	How does 02 travel from the alveoli to Hgb?
Published	01/23/2024	Explain flow volume loops - difference between obstructive & restrictive
Published	01/29/2024	What are the different pulmonary function tests?
Published	01/29/2024	What is apneuistic breathing? Causes?
Published	01/23/2024	What is alveolar compliance?
Removal Requested	01/29/2024	How to calculate physiologic dead space ?
Published	01/23/2024	What causes an increase in dead space (Vd)?
Published	01/23/2024	What can cause pleural effusion?
Removal Requested	01/29/2024	Pulmonary blood volume and flow
Published	01/23/2024	Pulmonary Circulation Pressures
Published	01/23/2024	What contributes to the rate of exchange across a membrane?
Published	01/23/2024	WHAT IS TIDAL VOLUME? normal amount?
Published	01/23/2024	Increase ventilation during exercise primarily driven by _____ drive
Published	01/23/2024	O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve response to exercise
Published	01/23/2024	The Inspiratory Capacity (IC)  Definition: is composed of the {{c1::tidal volume}} plus the {{c1::inspiratory reserve volume}} Normal …
Published	01/23/2024	Integrative Functions:Muscle and Joint Receptors
Published	01/23/2024	Integrative Functions:Effect of exercise on physiologic dead space
Published	01/23/2024	Integrative Functions:Adaptation to High AltitudeHow does halving barometric pressure influence the PO2?
Published	01/23/2024	Causes of Hypoxemia
Published	01/30/2024	A - a Gradient
Published	01/23/2024
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Published	01/23/2024
Published	01/23/2024	What does the Mnemonic SCAR stand for?
Published	01/23/2024	Muscle that ABducts the vocal cords
Published	01/23/2024	Muscle that ADDucts the vocal cords
Published	01/23/2024	Muscle that Tenses the vocal cords
Published	01/23/2024	Muscle that Relaxes the vocal cords
Published	01/23/2024	The 2 types of Laryngeal Muscles are {{c1::Intrinsic & Extrinsic}}
Published	01/23/2024	Name the Extrinsic Muscles (There are 8 total)Which ones depress vs. elevate the larynx?
Published	01/23/2024	The Larynx has 3 primary functions: {{c1:: Airway protection, respiration, and phonation}}
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	The Larynx consists of {{c1::Bone}}, {{c2::Ligaments}}, and {{c3::9 Cartilages}} -(3 paired & unpaired)
Published	01/23/2024	Role of Intrinsic Muscles?
Published	01/23/2024	Role of Extrinsic Muscles?
Published	01/23/2024	There are 4 main nerves involved in airway innervation
Published	01/23/2024	The adult Larynx lies anterior to C {{c1::3-6}}  of the spinal cord?
Published	01/23/2024	What does the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) innervate?
Published	01/23/2024	What does the Trigeminal (CN V) innervate?
Published	01/23/2024	91d11f34bf5441f5a7410511ca005835-ao-1
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Published	01/23/2024	A. CorniculateB. ArytenoidC. CuneiformD. Epiglottis
Published	01/23/2024	APEX:Which maneuver is efficacious for the treatment of Laryngospasm?A. LarsonB. ValsalvaC. MullerD. Bainbridge
Published	01/23/2024	Larson's Maneuver
Published	01/23/2024	The Trachea begins at C{{c1::6}} and ends at {{c1::T 4-5}}
Published	01/23/2024	The {{c1::Carina}} is also called the {{c2::Angle of Louis}}Location: {{c1::T4-5}}Tissue: {{c1::Ciliated columnar epithelium}}
Published	01/23/2024	The Trachea is {{c1:: 10-13}} cm long & {{c2::2.5}} cm wide
Published	01/23/2024	The Right Bronchi is:{{c1::2.5}} cm{{c2::25}} Degree angle
Published	01/23/2024	The Left Bronchi is:{{c1::5}} cm{{c2::45}} Degree angle
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	R Lung has {{c1::3}} Lobes and is responsible for {{c1::60}} % of lung functionL Lung has {{c2::2}} Lobes and has a {{c2::Cardiac}} Notch
Published	01/23/2024	Trachea Overview:Located: {{c1::C6}} to {{c1::T4-5}}Size: {{c1::2.5cm}} wide & {{c1::10-13cm}} longSemi circular rings open in the {{c1::Posterior…
Published	01/23/2024	Pneumocytes OverviewType IFunction: {{c1::Provide surface for Gas Exchange}}{{c1::80}}% of Alveolar surfaceCell type: {{c1::Flat Squamous}}Type  …
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	The function of the {{c1::Pores of Kohn}} is to {{c2::Permit air movement between alveoli}}
Published	01/23/2024	Alveoli OverviewAmount: {{c1::300 Million}} by 9 y/oCell type: {{c1::Pneumocytes}} are cells that line the alveoli and inner surface of the lungs. The…
Published	01/23/2024	Laryngospasm OverviewSigns: {{c1::Insp stridor, substernal & supraclavicular retraction during inspiration, "Rocking horse" appearance of che…
Published	01/23/2024	What muscles are used in inspiration?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the muscles of Expiration?
Published	01/23/2024	What results from changing lung volume?
Published	01/23/2024	how does contraction of inspiratory muscles effect thoracic pressure and volume?
Published	01/23/2024	What is exhalation driven by?
Published	01/23/2024	when does exhalation become an active process?
Published	01/23/2024	What are the 3 divisions of the airway? And what is included in each?
Published	01/23/2024	What needs to happen to prevent airway collapse?
Published	01/23/2024	What is transpulmonary pressure (TPP)?
Published	01/23/2024	What does a positive TPP mean?
Published	01/23/2024	What does a negative TPP mean?
Published	01/23/2024	The structures of the Respiratory system are subdivided into:Conducting Zone (conducting airways)Respiratory Zone (Where gas exchange takes place)What…
Published	01/23/2024	When is the only time intrapleural pressure becomes positive?
Published	01/23/2024	Is Intrapleural pressure always postive or negative?
Published	01/23/2024	Is transpulmonary pressure always postive or negative?
Published	01/23/2024	What is tidal volume and the normal amount?
Published	01/23/2024	Lung volumes are measured with {{c1::Spirometry}}
Published	01/23/2024	Tidal Volume (Tv)Definition: includes the volume of air that fills the {{c1::Alveoli}} PLUS the volume that fills the {{c1::Airways}} Normal Valu…
Published	01/23/2024	Inspiratory Reserve VolumeDefinition: {{c1::The additional volume that can be inspired ABOVE tidal volume}}Normal Value: {{c1::~3000ml}}
Published	01/23/2024	Expiratory Reserve VolumeDefinition: {{c1::The additional volume that can be expired BELOW tidal volume}}Normal Value: {{c1::~1200ml}}
Published	01/23/2024	Average oxygen consumption (mL/mn)
Published	01/23/2024	Vital Capaciy (mL/kg) required for an effective cough
Published	01/23/2024	What is the pacemaker for normal breathing?
Published	01/23/2024	Neural Control of Ventilation
Published	01/23/2024	Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
Published	01/31/2024	Ventral Respiratory Group
Published	01/23/2024	Inhibits DRG
Published	01/23/2024	Stimulates DRG
Published	01/23/2024	What is the law of LaPlace?
Published	01/23/2024	What cell produces surfactant?
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	Ventral Respiratory group function
Removal Requested	01/23/2024	Pneumotaxic center function
Published	01/23/2024	Apneustic center function
Published	01/23/2024	DRG location
Published	01/23/2024	Ventral Respiratory Group location
Published	01/23/2024	Pneumotaxic center location
Published	01/23/2024	Apneustic Center location
Published	01/23/2024	What is surface tension?
Published	01/23/2024	What does surfactant do?
Published	01/23/2024	The central chemoreceptor is stimulated by ___
Published	01/23/2024	When does surfactant get produced in utero?
Published	01/23/2024	Ion driving respiratory stimulus in central cemoreceptor
Published	01/23/2024	What is the connection with surfactant and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
Published	01/23/2024	An acute rise in PaCO2 causes
Published	01/23/2024	An acute decline in PaCO2 causes
Published	01/23/2024	Central chemoreceptor response to hypercarbia and hypoxemia (mild and profound)
Published	01/23/2024	Controll of Ventilation: Peripheral Chemoreceptors (location)
Published	01/23/2024	Primary responsibility of the carotid body is the monitor_____
Published	01/30/2024	Response to Hypoxemia: Hypoxic Ventilatory Response
Published	01/23/2024	Peak airway pressure =
Published	01/23/2024	Level of hypercapnia causing dyspnea
Published	01/23/2024	What is the Hering-Breuer Deflation Reflex
Published	01/23/2024	What value is intrathoracic pressure?
Published	01/23/2024	What happens to pressure during inhalation?
Published	01/23/2024	What happens to pressure during exhalation?
Published	01/23/2024	what is lung compliance?
Published	01/23/2024	How is the the negative intrapleural pressure created?
Published	01/23/2024	what is elasticity?
Status	Last Update	Fields