Notes in 01_Microbiology

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Published	02/10/2024	The dominant bacteria change along the GIT due to different {{c1::oxygen}}concentrations, different {{c1::pH}}, different {{c1::transit}} time
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::colon}} is the most densely populated part of the GI tract
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::facultative}} anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermenta…
Published	02/10/2024	An {{c1::obligate}} anaerobe is an organism that cannot make ATP in the absence of oxygen, and these anaerobes die in the presence of oxygen…
Published	02/10/2024	Bacterial {{c1::fermentation}} releases important phytochemicals, anti-oxidants and vitamins
Published	02/10/2024	The metabolism of dietary polysaccharide, prebiotics, and peptides via bacterial fermentation in the {{c1::promixal}} colonMajor products of this proc…
Published	02/10/2024	The metabolism of protein occurs via bacteria mostly in the {{c1::transverse}} and {{c1::distal}} colonMajor products of this proc…
Published	02/10/2024	The three main SCFAs produced via bacterial fermentation include:[1] {{c1::Butyrate}} ‒ Epithelial cell growth and regeneration[2] {{c1::Propionate}} …
Published	02/10/2024	The microbiota of the gut can induce colonisation resistance against other pathogens via:[1] {{c1::Barrier effect}} [2] {{c1::Active competitive&…
Published	02/10/2024	The {{c1::high}} concentration of SCFAs lowers the pH to around 5.5 in the {{c2::proximal}} colonThe {{c1::low}} concentration of SCFAs increases the …
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::SCFAs}} are signalling molecules that impact overall health (gut, metabolic, brain), which are detected by receptors on gut epithelial…
Published	02/10/2024	Local effects of SCFAs include:[1] {{c1::Increased faecal bulking}} [2] {{c1::Increased gut transit rate}}
Published	02/10/2024	Antibiotic therapy spreads {{c1::antibiotic resistance}} from bacteria to bacteria via conjugation, transformation, transduction, which would als…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Faecal Microbiotic Transplantation}} is where faecal sample from screened healthy donor is transplanted into recipient
Published	02/10/2024	If you reduce the amount of {{c1::carbohydrate}} in your diet, then the production of SCFA goes down.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Probiotics}} are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host→ They are ADDED LIVE BACTE…
Published	02/10/2024	A {{c1::prebiotic}} is a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefitThey are FOOD for resident bacteria
Published	02/10/2024	The most effective treatment for recurring C. difficle is properly provided {{c1::Faecal Microbiotic Transplantation (FMT)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Systemic Effects of SCFAs include:{{c1::Signalling molecules that interact with gut epithelial receptors to release gut hormones that i…
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