Notes in Kinesiology Term 1::KIN 216

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Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Biomechanics}} is the study of {{c2::structure and function of biological systems}} by means of the methods of mechanics (Herbert Hatze 1974)
Published	09/11/2024	Biomechanics is the study of {{c1::all living things}}, a {{c1::fairly broad}} topic
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Biomechanics}} is divided into two main concepts: {{c1::kinematics}} and {{c1::kinetics}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Kinematics}} focuses on {{c2::examining movement}}.
Published	09/11/2024	Kinesiology examines movement from the {{c1::cellular}} to the {{c1::societal}} level
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Kinetics}} focuses on {{c1::examining forces}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Sport and exercise biomechanics}} is the study of {{c1::forces}} and their effects on humans in {{c1::exercise and sport}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Kinematics}} involves {{c1::describing motion}} over {{c1::space and time}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Kinesis}} = {{c1::movement, activity}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Logia}} = {{c1::a branch of learning}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Running shoes}} are {{c1::stiffer and padded}} and offer protection but also alter {{c1::technique and foot movement}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::High-heeled shoes}} provide {{c1::limited support}}, and the {{c1::foot flexes more}} in high heels.
Published	09/11/2024	Wearing heels allows for a {{c1::greater range of motion}} of the foot.
Published	09/11/2024	Tissues that {{c2::stretch}} act like a {{c1::spring}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Kinetics}} is the {{c2::study of forces}} causing or resulting from motion.
Published	09/11/2024	Runners wearing {{c1::sneakers}} land {{c2::heel first}}.
Published	09/11/2024	Kinesiology includes the following areas:{{c1::Anatomy}}, {{c1::Biomechanics}}, {{c1::Motor Control}}, {{c1::Physiology}}, {{c1::Psychology}}, {{c1::R…
Published	09/11/2024	Runners wearing {{c2::heels}} land on the {{c1::front-foot}}
Published	09/11/2024	The {{c1::knee and ankle}} absorb less force when {{c2::landing on the front-foot}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Statics}} involves being in a {{c1::constant state of motion}}, either {{c2::motionless}} or {{c1::moving at a constant speed}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Dynamics}} involves a {{c1::change in velocity}} with {{c1::acceleration present}}.
Published	09/11/2024	Running is an example of a {{c1::dynamic}} task.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::high heels}} are better suited for running due to their {{c2::design for movement}} and {{c2::impact absorption}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Mechanics}} is a {{c2::quantitative science}}; if something is quantifiable, certain aspects of it are {{c3::measurable}} and can be expressed i…
Published	09/11/2024	To measure something, a common unit of expression must be used, such as the {{c1::International System of Units}} or {{c1::SI units}}.
Published	09/11/2024	Biomechanics is {{c1::the study of forces and their effects on living systems}} (whereas exercise and sport biomechanics is the study of forces and th…
Published	09/11/2024	Biomechanics may be a useful tool for {{c1::sport educators}}, {{c1::teachers}}, {{c1::coaches}}, {{c1::athletic trainers}}, {{c1::physical therapists…
Published	09/11/2024	Biomechanics deals with the ability to {{c1::reason quantitatively::reasoning}} and to {{c1::model}} and {{c1::solve problems}} with quantitative meth…
Published	09/11/2024	Application of biomechanics may lead to {{c1::performance improvement}} or the {{c1::reduction and rehabilitation of injury}} through improved techniq…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Measurements}} should include a {{c1::numeric value}} and {{c1::unit}} (e.g., {{c1::0.0 m}}).
Published	09/11/2024	Biomechanics is the study of {{c1::forces}} and their effects on {{c1::living systems}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Mechanics}} is the analysis of {{c1::forces}} and their {{c1::effects}}.
Published	09/11/2024	Generally, there are three basic steps in solving a problem:{{c1::Understand the problem}} ({{c2::identify known and unknown information}}){{c1::Carry…
Published	09/11/2024	Defining terms involves understanding the difference between {{c1::dictionary and operational definitions}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Biotribology}}, an applied subfield of biomechanics, examines {{c1::how living systems interact with objects}} (i.e., contact surfaces) {{c1::du…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Orthotics}} adjust and even out the contact forces between the foot and the ground to {{c1::reduce pain and discomfort}}.
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Shoes with firm midsoles}} keep the heel secure and {{c1::reduce the degree of lateral movement}} when the foot contacts the ground.
Published	09/11/2024	Many problems are posed in real-life settings ({{c1::applications}}) to understand how and why the {{c1::human body moves}} in the way that it does
Published	09/11/2024	Mechanics is the science concerned with the {{c1::effects of forces}} acting on {{c1::objects}}
Published	09/11/2024	Types of Mechanics:{{c1::Rigid-Body Mechanics}}{{c1::Deformable-Body Mechanics}}{{c1::Fluid Mechanics}}{{c1::Relativistic Mechanics}}{{c1::Quantum Mec…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Biomechanics}} breaks movements down into {{c1::separate components}}. 2. {{c1::Kinematics}} describes and examines {{c1::movement}}. 3. {{c1:…
Published	09/11/2024	1. {{c2::Length}} is the {{c1::extent of something from end to end}} and is used to describe the {{c1::position of a system}}. It is {{c1::measured i…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Giovanni Alfonso Borelli}} (1608-1679) was a Renaissance Italian {{c2::physiologist}}, {{c2::physicist}}, and {{c2::mathematician}}
Published	09/11/2024	Why study biomechanics?To {{c1::improve performance}} ... by {{c2::improving technique}}.To {{c1::improve performance}} ... by {{c2::changing the equi…
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Borelli}} contributed to the modern principle of scientific investigation by testing {{c2::hypotheses}} against {{c2::observation}}
Published	09/11/2024	{{c2::Borelli}} studied the {{c1::mechanics of animal locomotion}} and used microscopy to investigate the {{c1::stomatal movement}} of plants
Published	09/11/2024	{{c1::Étienne-Jules Marey}} (1830-1904) was a French scientist and a pioneer of {{c2::photography}} and {{c2::the history of cinema}}
Published	09/11/2024	Marey was interested in the "{{c2::Animal Mechanism}}" and developed cameras that could record {{c1::several phases of movement}} on one photographic …
Published	09/11/2024	The word {{c1::biomechanics}} was coined by {{c2::Nikolai Bernstein}} (1896-1966), a Soviet neurophysiologist
Published	09/11/2024	By the early 20th century, researchers had a variety of devices, including {{c1::cameras}} and {{c1::pressure-sensitive equipment}}, to measure and re…
Published	09/11/2024	Bernstein was one of the pioneers in the field of {{c1::motor control}} and {{c1::motor learning}}, examining how the {{c1::central nervous system}} c…
Published	09/11/2024	In {{c1::1955}}, the book {{c1::Scientific Principles of Coaching}} was published, one of the first texts to emphasize {{c1::mechanics}} (technique)
Published	09/11/2024	By the {{c1::1960s}}, the field of {{c1::biomechanics}} had formally arrived
Published	09/11/2024	Bernstein's first scientific work was in 1922, when he {{c1::examined movement during manual labour}} to optimize productivity
Published	09/11/2024	Bernstein's research showed that {{c1::most movements are composed of smaller movements}}, and if any one of these smaller movements is altered, the m…
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