Notes in MSA 475 Exam 1 - Community Anki Deck

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Published	07/31/2024	What are pharmacokinetics?
Published	07/31/2024	Does the sublingual route interact with first-pass metabolism?
Published	07/31/2024	What does it mean when we say a drug undergoes first pass metabolism?
Published	07/31/2024	For which drug administration route is first pass metabolism especially important in?
Published	07/31/2024	What are the three sites where a drug could be metabolized we discussed in class?(3)
Published	07/31/2024	What is bioavailability?
Published	07/31/2024	Bioavailability is 100% for drugs delivered in what way?
Published	07/31/2024	{{c1::Lipophilic}} drugs {{c2::rapidly}} equilibrate into CNS tissue
Published	07/31/2024	The {{c1::vessel rich group}} gets most cardiac output even though it makes up a {{c1::small percentage of body weight}}
Published	07/31/2024	Single doses of {{c1::lipophilic}} drugs have a {{c2::short}} CNS duration of action as they redistribute to peripheral tissues
Published	07/31/2024	Multiple doses of lipophilic drugs appear to {{c1::increase}} the duration of action.
Published	07/31/2024	After multiple doses of lipophilic drugs are given, a decrease in plasma concentration becomes dependent on drug {{c1::elimination}} rather than …
Published	07/31/2024	What does Albumin bind?
Published	07/31/2024	Drugs that are bound to proteins are
Published	07/31/2024	alpha-1-acid glycoproteins binds
Published	07/31/2024	low protein levels have what effect on free drug levels?
Published	07/31/2024	Cell membrane is a {{c1::lipid}} bilayer – small {{c1::lipophilic}} drugs pass through easily
Published	07/31/2024	How do hydrophilic drugs get through the lipid bilayer?
Published	07/31/2024	Passive transport is {{c1::movement of drug down a concentration gradient.}}
Published	07/31/2024	Facilitated diffusion {{c1::involves the use of carrier proteins, but without energy requirement}}
Published	07/31/2024	Active transport : {{c1::carrier proteins use energy to move drug, even against a concentration gradient}}
Published	07/31/2024	Acids {{c1::lose protons and become negatively charged}}
Published	07/31/2024	Bases {{c1::gain protons and become positively charged}}
Published	07/31/2024	Most drugs work the best when they are {{c1::non-ionized}}
Published	07/31/2024	pKa tells you {{c1::the pH where the ionization occurs, or the 50-50 point}}
Published	07/31/2024	EtomidatepKa = 4.2 (pH blood = 7.4)What is the state of Etomidate in the blood?
Published	07/31/2024	PropofolpKa = 11 (pH blood = 7.4)
Published	08/02/2024	what is zero order kinetics
Published	08/02/2024	what drugs follow zero order kinetics
Published	08/02/2024	what is saturation kinetics
Published	08/02/2024	when do 1st order kinetics become 0 order kinetics
Published	08/02/2024	what is half life and what does it mean to have a shorter half life
Published	08/02/2024	how many half lives does it take for pretty much all the drug to be gone what is equation
Published	08/02/2024	what is volume of distrubution
Published	08/02/2024	what does volume of distirbution describe and depend on
Published	08/02/2024	lipophilic drugs have {{c1::larger}} Vd than hydrophilic drugs
Published	08/02/2024	what is the equation for volume of distribution and loading dose
Published	08/02/2024	what is elimation clearance
Published	08/02/2024	why is elimation clearance helpful?
Published	08/02/2024	how do you calcualte elimination clearance
Published	08/02/2024	what is elimation half life
Published	08/02/2024	what does elimination half life depen on and what is the equation
Published	08/02/2024	what are two examples about elimination half life (hint: use distribution and elimination)
Published	08/02/2024	why is elimination half life not that helpful
Published	07/31/2024	In order to be excreted, most drugs need to be {{c1::hydrophilic}}.
Published	07/31/2024	What is biotransformation?
Published	07/31/2024	What is Phase 1 biotransformation?
Published	07/31/2024	What molecule is responsible for catalyzing most Phase 1 reactions?
Published	08/02/2024	what is pharmacodynamics
Published	07/31/2024	What particular enzyme is responsible for metabolizing many anesthetic drugs, opioids, benzos?
Published	08/02/2024	what is ED50 , LD50 and therapeutic index
Published	07/31/2024	With ongoing drug exposure, CYP activity {{c1::increases.}}
Published	08/02/2024	when the LD50 and ED50 overlap on a population curve, what does this mean
Published	07/31/2024	CYP activity can be {{c1::inhibited}} when drugs compete for the same CYP subtype
Published	07/31/2024	What is Phase II biotransformation?
Published	08/02/2024	what is the receptor model for drug interactions
Published	08/02/2024	what is an agonist vs antagonist for drug pharm
Published	08/02/2024	are drug receptor interaction using the receptor model permanent
Published	08/02/2024	what is potency
Published	07/31/2024	When it comes to Phase I and II activities, Neonates....
Published	08/02/2024	why does potency arise
Published	07/31/2024	What is Hepatic drug clearance?
Published	08/02/2024	what is efficacy
Published	07/31/2024	Hepatic blood flow
Published	07/31/2024	Hepatic extraction ratio
Published	08/02/2024	what is a partial agonist and what happens when its in the presence of a full agonist
Published	07/31/2024	Drugs with a high extraction ratio are?
Published	08/02/2024	what is redudancy and give example
Published	07/31/2024	Drugs w/ low extraction ratios are....
Published	08/02/2024	what is tolerance  and what casues tolreance (3)
Published	07/31/2024	Which drugs have significant renal excretion?
Published	08/02/2024	what is tachyphylaxis (relates to toleracnce)
Published	07/31/2024	If the liver is damaged, then it will have the biggest impact on (high extraction/low extraction ratio?) drugs.
Published	07/31/2024	What mechanism maintains constant renal blood flow over a wide range of cardiac output?
Published	08/02/2024	what is a competitive antagonist ( Y in the image)
Published	08/02/2024	what are  non competitive antagonist (Z in image)
Published	07/31/2024	What allows the kidneys to eliminate protein-bound drugs?
Published	07/31/2024	Why is renal clearance only a small portion of renal blood flow?
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Published	08/02/2024	what are the 3 rules of acid base reaction
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Published	08/07/2024	What does ketamine cause and where does it act in the brain (and on what receptor)?
Published	08/07/2024	What are two main side effects of ketamine?
Published	08/07/2024	What type of IV anesthetics have an antagonist?
Published	08/07/2024	What are three main side effects of etomidate?
Published	08/07/2024	Which type(s) of IV anesthetics act on GABA receptors?
Published	08/07/2024	What drugs are in water-soluble preparation?
Published	08/07/2024	What are some examples of cases where a patient may only need a single dose of IV anesthetic?
Published	08/07/2024	What are two examples of medications that increase SSEP amplitude (making them easier to read)?
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine: distribution and biotransformation
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine: Induction vs. Analgesia Dose
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine: CV effects
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine: respiratory effects (3)
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine: Neuro effects
Published	08/07/2024	Ketamine General Effects
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine examples
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: solubility
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: absorption and primary stipulation
Published	08/07/2024	Midazolam: Distribution, onset, peak, duration
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: biotransformation & excretion
Published	08/07/2024	Midazolam Dose: Premedication & Infusion
Published	08/07/2024	What are three main effects of midazolam?
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepines: CV and Respiratory Effects
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: Neuro effects
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: dependence
Published	08/07/2024	Benzodiazepine: antagonist, dose
Published	08/07/2024	Precedex: Mechanism of action
Published	08/07/2024	Precedex: Uses (4)
Published	08/07/2024	Precedex: Bolus Dose
Published	08/07/2024	Precedex: CV & Repsiratory Effects
Published	08/07/2024	Precedex: Neuro effects
Published	08/07/2024	What are some reasons to be careful using precedex? (3)
Published	08/07/2024	Why are TCIs favorable? How does it work?
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