Notes in 01_Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Published	02/10/2024	HIV stands for {{c1::Human Immunodeficiency Virus}}
Published	02/10/2024	AIDS stands for {{c1::Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome}}
Published	02/10/2024	AIDS is usually referred to in the UK as {{c1::Late-Stage HIV}}
Published	02/10/2024	Pathophysiology of HIVCD4 count declines and HIV viral load increases; how?The virus enters and destroys the {{c1::CD4 T helper cells}}. [1] {{c1::Ini…
Published	02/10/2024	Transmission of HIV {{c1::Unprotected anal, vaginal or oral sexual activity.}} {{c1::Mother to child at any stage of pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::AIDS-defining illnesses}} are illnesses associated with {{c2::end-stage HIV infection where the CD4 count has dropped to a level that allows for…
Published	02/10/2024	Examples of AIDS-Defining Illnesses {{c1::Thrush — Candidiasis (oesophageal or bronchial)}} {{c1::Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)}} {{c1::Tuber…
Published	02/10/2024	Screening for HIV {{c1::Antibody blood test (p24 antigen)}} {{c1::PCR testing for HIV RNA gives a viral load}}
Published	02/10/2024	Antibody tests can be negative for {{c1::3}} months following HIV exposure so repeat testing is necessary
Published	02/10/2024	You can monitor HIV by looking at the:{{c1::CD4 count}}{{c1::Viral Load}}
Published	02/10/2024	Clinical Stage I of HIV{{c1::}}
Published	02/10/2024	Clinical Stage II of HIV{{c1::}}
Published	02/10/2024	Clinical Stage III of HIV{{c1::}}
Published	02/10/2024	Clinical Stage IV of HIV{{c1::}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) {{c1::Chest X-ray}} {{c1::Induced sputum or broncoscopy for PCR}}
Published	02/10/2024	Highly Active Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (HAART) Medication Classes {{c1::Protease Inhibitors (PIs)}} {{c1::Integrase Inhibitors (IIs)}} {{c1::Nucleoside…
Published	02/10/2024	Most common side effect of ART medications{{c1::Lipodystrophy (i.e. changes in body fat distribution)}} esp. by NRTIs and PIs
Published	02/10/2024	Treatment of HIV is by {{c1::life-long combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications}}
Published	02/10/2024	HIV patients with CD4 < 200/mm3 are given prophylactic {{c1::co-trimoxazle}} to protect against {{c2::pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Women with HIV undergo annual {{c2::cervical smears}} due to risk of developing cervical {{c1::human papillomavirus (HPV)}} infection and {{…
Published	02/10/2024	Management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) {{c1::Co-trimoxazole}} {{c1::Pentamidine}} {{c1::Prophylaxis until CD4 >200}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Post exposure prophylaxis}} can be used after exposure to HIV to reduce the risk of transmission.
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