Notes in 4 nervous

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Published	02/12/2025	- A complex organ system- Enables the body to react to continuous changes to its internal and external environments- Controls and integrates various a…
Published	02/12/2025	NERVOUS SYSTEM structurally divided into
Published	02/12/2025	Central Nervous System (CNS) - principal roles
Published	02/12/2025	conduct impulses to or away from the CNS, organized into nerves that connect CNS and peripheral nerves.
Published	02/12/2025	nervous system Functionally divided into
Published	02/12/2025	Consists of motor fibers that stimulate smooth muscles, cardiac mm glands (effector organs)
Published	02/12/2025	➢ Aka Thoracolumbar➢ Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter substance generally
Published	02/12/2025	➢ Craniosacral➢ Liberates acetylcholine generally
Published	02/12/2025	ex. Touch
Published	02/12/2025	ex. Response to touching hot iron
Published	02/12/2025	Functions of the ANS
Published	02/12/2025
Published	02/12/2025	Nerve cell, structural and functional unit of the nervous system
Published	02/12/2025	Support the neurons, includes oligodendroglia. Ependymal, microglia, support, insulate, nourish the neurons
Published	02/12/2025	PARTS OF A NEURON
Published	02/12/2025	Carry impulses AWAY from the cell body, myelinated forming the myelin sheath or non-myelinated
Published	02/12/2025	Carries impulses TOWARDS the cell body.
Published	02/12/2025	2 or more dendrites and 1 axon that may have one or more collateral branches
Published	02/12/2025	have a short, apparently single process extending from the cell body.
Published	02/12/2025	pseudounipolar sensory neurons:
Published	02/12/2025	To integrate, coordinate incoming and outgoing neural signals, to carry out higher mental functions like thinking, learning.
Published	02/12/2025	location of the brain
Published	02/12/2025	average adult human brain weighs
Published	02/12/2025	brain is divided into:
Published	02/12/2025	Cerebrum
Published	02/12/2025	Diencephalon
Published	02/12/2025	Brainstem
Published	02/12/2025	Collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
Published	02/12/2025	Bundle of nerve fibers or axons within the CNS
Published	02/12/2025	Made up of nerve cell bodies
Published	02/12/2025	Made up of fiber tracts
Published	02/12/2025	utermost covering, thick, tough, intimately related to the bone neurocranium. Epidural space.
Published	02/12/2025	Cobweb-like covering, beneath this is the CSF cerebrospinal fluid at the sub-arachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord which surround and protect.
Published	02/12/2025	Innermost layer, delicate, transparent
Published	02/12/2025	MENINGES OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
Published	02/12/2025	SPINAL CORD- Location
Published	02/12/2025	Lumbar puncture site
Published	02/12/2025	spinal cord has:
Published	02/12/2025	Attached to the spinal cord are
Published	02/12/2025	3 major functions of spinal cord
Published	02/12/2025	is involuntary response to stimulus Ex. Touching a hot object, patellar tendon or, knee jerk
Published	02/12/2025	Area of the skin innervated by each spinal nerve, purely sensory
Published	02/12/2025	Consists of nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers outside CNS that conduct nerve impulses to and away from the CNS.
Published	02/12/2025	Consists of an axon, its neurolemma (cell membrane of Schwann cell that immediately surrounds the axon, separating it from other axons, myelinated or …
Published	02/12/2025	Consists of bundle of nerve fibers outside the CNS.
Published	02/12/2025	Blood vessels that nourish nerve fibers and their coverings
Published	02/12/2025	Collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS both motor (autonomics) and sensory
Published	02/12/2025	CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING OF NERVE FIBER
Published	02/12/2025	Delicate connective tissue immediately surrounding neurolemma cells and axons;
Published	02/12/2025	Layer of dense connective tissue that encloses the fascicles of nerve fibers;
Published	02/12/2025	Thick connective tissue sheath that surrounds, encloses bundles of fascicles, forms outer covering of nerve, includes fatty tissues, blood vessels, ly…
Published	02/12/2025
Published	02/12/2025	TWO TYPES OF NERVES IN THE PNS
Published	02/12/2025	 Carry neural impulses to the CNS From sense organs ex: eyes, and from sensory receptors ex: the skin
Published	02/12/2025	From CNS to effector organs ex: muscles and glands.
Published	02/12/2025	12 pairs, exit thru foramina, skull (purely sensory, motor, mixed)
Published	02/12/2025	31 pairs, exit thru intervertebral foramina (cervical 8, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacral 5, coccygeal 1)
Published	02/12/2025	Purely sensory cranial nerves:
Published	02/12/2025	Cranial nerves (in roman numeral)
Published	02/12/2025	Motor: cranial nerves
Published	02/12/2025	Mixed cranial nerves
Published	02/12/2025	SPINAL NERVE FORMATION
Published	02/12/2025	Motor fibers from nerve cell bodies in the anterior horn of gray mater of spinal cord
Published	02/12/2025	Sensory fibers from nerve cell bodies in the posterior root ganglion and centrally to posterior horn of spinal gray mater.
Published	02/12/2025	Anterior and posterior nerve roots unite to form the
Published	02/12/2025	Supply nerve fibers to synovial joints of vertebral col., deep mm. of the back, overlying skin in segmental pattern
Published	02/12/2025	Divides into anterior cutaneous and lateral cutaneous branchInnervates muscles and skin in segmental pattern
Published	02/12/2025	Posterior and primary rami of spinal nerves T2-T12 generally do
Published	02/12/2025	In the limbs, some of the anterior primary rami will form
Published	02/12/2025	Presynaptic neurons arise from intermediolateral column of gray mater spinal cord of T1-T12 and L1 to L3 segments.
Published	02/12/2025	Presynaptic neurons arise from intermediolateral column of gray mater spinal cord of
Published	02/12/2025	Postsynaptic neurons found in 2 locations:
Published	02/12/2025	PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA
Published	02/12/2025	Primarily regulates blood vessels, facilitates emergency response
Published	02/12/2025	PREVERTEBRAL GANGLIA
Published	02/12/2025	CRANIAL NERVES
Published	02/12/2025	SACRAL NERVES (S2-S4)
Published	02/12/2025	Convey efferent and afferent fibers to and from visceral organs
Published	02/12/2025	Presynaptic fibers are relatively shorter than
Published	02/12/2025	SPLANCHNIC NERVES
Published	02/12/2025	CARDIOPULMONARY SPLANCHNIC NERVES
Published	02/12/2025	ABDOMINOPLEVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
Published	02/12/2025	NERVE DEGENERATION
Published	02/12/2025	If the axons are damaged but cell bodies are intact
Published	02/12/2025	Rhizotomy
Published	02/12/2025	The pins-and-needles sensation that occurs due to pressure on a nerve.
Published	02/12/2025	Saturday night syndrome
Published	02/12/2025	Due to compromising blood supply and compression of vasa nervorum.
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