Notes in Pediatrics

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Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Angelman Syndrome}} is a genetic imprinting disorder caused by maternal gene deletion that presents with seizures, ataxia and sev…
Published	08/28/2024	What is your diagnosis: young individual with fleshy immobile mass on the midline hard palate. {{c1::Torus palatinus}}
Published	08/28/2024	The content of torus palatinus mass is {{c1::bone (benign bondy growth = exostosis)}}
Published	08/28/2024	Torus palatinus most likely is a {{c1::congenital}} abnormality
Published	08/28/2024	To determine a refractive error on a child is determined by perfomring the {{c1::Bruchner}} test, in which the red reflex is examined. {{c2::Inferior …
Published	08/28/2024	The Bruchner test is more useful for picking up {{c1::myopic}} errors
Published	08/28/2024	In order to determine the prescription of a child, you can perform {{c1::streak retinoscopy}}. The theory behind this is {{c2::flashing beam of light …
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Amblyopia}} is decreased vision in an eye because of {{c2::disuse of that eye during childhood development. }}
Published	08/28/2024	The major risk factors for amblyopia are {{c1::prematurity, developmental delay, and family history }}
Published	08/28/2024	The visual pathway is a plastic system that continues to develop during childhood around {{c1::6-9}} years of age. After this period, an amblyopia tha…
Published	08/28/2024	Amblyopia is often caused by several vision problems during childhood development, including {{c1::refractive error or strabismus. }}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of {{c2::amblyopia}} is {{c1::patching the good eye}}
Published	08/28/2024	Characterizations of strabismus:{{c1::Esotropia}}: eye turned inward{{c2::Exotropia}}: eye turned outward{{c3::Hypertropia}}: eye turned upward{{c4::H…
Published	08/28/2024	Detection of strabismus in babies is done with {{c1::corneal-pupil light reflex}}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Pseudostrabismus}} is {{c2::an illusion of cross eyes caused by nasal epicanthal skin folds}}
Published	08/28/2024	The most accurate way to detect phorias/tropias *(ie strabismus) is through {{c1::the cross-cover test}}
Published	08/28/2024	In children, strabismus can lead to {{c1::amblyopia}} because {{c2::the bad eye is unconsciously suppressed. Patients therefore don't see double.&nbsp…
Published	08/28/2024	First line treatment of strabismus is {{c1::resolving refractive errors or amblyopia}}. If that doesn't work, then you can do a {{c2::recession surger…
Published	08/28/2024	Shaken baby syndrome is characterized by a classic triad of {{c1::intracranial hemorrhage}}, {{c2::brain swelling}}, and {{c3::retinal hemorrhage}}
Published	08/28/2024	There are two unique traits of the retinal hemorrhages seen in shaken baby syndrome. What are they?1. {{c1::Large retinal hemorrhages in all quadrants…
Published	08/28/2024	The hemorrhages in shaken baby syndrome are impressive and  similar retinal bleeding isn't seen excepct with big trauma like high speed car wreck…
Published	08/28/2024	What is the prognosis of shaken baby syndrome?{{c1::1/3 recover with no issues. 20% die. Rest have long term problems like mental retardation, blindne…
Published	08/28/2024	Whenever you see a leukocoric pupil, you should consider 3 potential causes:1. {{c1::Congenital cataract}}2. {{c2::Retinoblastoma}}3. {{c3::Retinopath…
Published	08/28/2024	Congenital cataracts have many causes. The management is removal asap to prevent {{c1::amblyopia }}
Published	08/28/2024	{{c1::Retinoblastoma}} is the most common primary malignant ocular tumor in children, with {{c2::250-500}} cases a year in the US
Published	08/28/2024	The average age of diagnosis of retinoblastoma is {{c1::18mo}}
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of retinoblastoma is {{c1::enucleation with big section of optic nerve removal}}.
Published	08/28/2024	The retinal blood supply begins formation around week {{c1::16}} of gestation, and continues through birth
Published	08/28/2024	The cause of {{c2::retinopathy of prematurity}} is {{c1::prematurity causing areas of peripheral retina that have not developed well will become ische…
Published	08/28/2024	Children born under {{c1::32}} weeks or less than {{c2::1500}} grams are screened for retinopathy of prematurity
Published	08/28/2024	Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity is {{c1::PRP laser or cryotherapy}}
Published	08/28/2024	Causes of retinopathy of prematurity include {{c1::prematurity, hypoxia, or low birth weight}}
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c2::optokinetic}} response is a form of testing vision in children and indicates a kid has a vision of at least {{c1::20/200}}
Published	08/28/2024	Ambylopia, as we know, can be treated with a physical patch. Other forms of treatment include{{c1::Chemical drops: pilocarpine the good eyeGlasses for…
Published	08/28/2024	Types of nystagmus:{{c1::Sensory}}: acquired problem in children who have very poor vision at a young age{{c2::Congenital motor}}: congenital nystagmu…
Published	08/28/2024	The {{c1::null point}} of nystagmus is the {{c2::direction of gaze with minimal nystagmus }}
Published	08/28/2024	Children with new nystagmus get an {{c1::MRI}} because of the potential for {{c2::optic nerve glioma}}
Published	08/28/2024	Young children are dilated with {{c1::cyclopentolate}}
Published	08/28/2024	Accommodative esotropia is when {{c1::a child's eyes cross during accommodation }}
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