Notes in ✧ DNA Replication

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Published	01/14/2024	What process takes DNA and makes more DNA? {{c1::Replication}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which pyrimidine is found in DNA only?{{c1::Thymine}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which pyrimidine is found in RNA only?{{c1::Uracil}}
Published	01/14/2024	A(n) {{c1::nucleoTide}} is a base plus a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) plus phosphate
Published	01/14/2024	DNA & RNA are made of {{c1::nucleotide monophosphates}} connected via a(n) {{c2::phosphodiester}} bond
Published	01/14/2024	Generally, the 5' end of DNA or RNA is a(n) {{c1::phosphate}} group
Published	01/14/2024	Generally, the 3' end of DNA or RNA is a(n) {{c1::hydroxyl}} group
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::origin of replication}} is a particular consensus sequence of base pairs in a genome where DNA replication begins
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::AT}}-rich sequences are found in promoters and origins of replication
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c1::replication fork}} is a Y-shaped region along the DNA template where leading and lagging strands are synthesized
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA template at the replication fork? {{c1::Helicase}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::Single-stranded binding}} proteins prevent DNA strands from reannealing during replication
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is responsible for relaxing the DNA strand by creating single- or double-stranded breaks in the DNA helix to add/remove supercoils? {{c1:…
Published	01/14/2024	What class of drugs inhibits prokaryotic topoisomerase II and topoisomerase IV? {{c1::Fluoroquinolones}}
Published	01/14/2024	What chemotherapeutic drugs (2) inhibit eukaryotic topoisomerase II? {{c1::etoposide/teniposide}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is responsible for making an RNA primer on which DNA polymerase III can initiate replication (prokaryotes)? {{c1::Primase}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is responsible for elongating the DNA strand? {{c1::DNA polymerase (specifically, DNA polymerase III in prokaryotes)}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c2::DNA}} polymerase must see a(n) {{c1::RNA primer}} to bind, which is complementary and antiparallel to the polymerase
Published	01/14/2024	DNA/RNA polymerase always read in the {{c1::3' to 5'}} direction
Published	01/14/2024	DNA/RNA polymerase always build in the {{c1::5' to 3'}} direction
Published	01/14/2024	DNA polymerase pauses and checks ("proof-reads") via {{c1::3' -> 5' exonuclease}} activity
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzymes are responsible for removing the RNA primer in eukaryotes? {{c1::RNase H and FEN-1::2}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between Okazaki fragments?{{c1::DNA ligase}}
Published	01/14/2024	The enzyme which adds {{c2::TTAGGG::sequence}} to 3' ends of chromosomes to avoid loss of genetic material with every duplication is known as {{c1::Te…
Published	01/14/2024	Which replication enzyme is a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and thus a major example of reverse transcriptase activity, in humans? {{c1::Telomerase}}
Published	01/14/2024	Telomerase is a rare example where {{c1::reverse transcriptase::enzyme}} activity occurs endogenously in humans
Published	01/14/2024	What pathology is associated with increased telomerase activity?{{c1::Cancer}}
Published	01/14/2024	{{c1::RNA}} polymerase doesn't have to see a RNA primer to bind
Published	01/14/2024	The {{c2::triphosphate}} bond of DNA is the target of {{c1::3' hydroxyl}} attack (strand elongation)
Published	01/14/2024	Does reverse transcriptase require a primer?{{c1::Yes! Because it is a DNA polymerase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase)}}
Published	01/14/2024	Irinotecan, a(n) {{c2::Topoisomerase I}} inhibitor, is used to treat {{c1::Colon}} Cancer
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is inhibited by topotecan?{{c1::topoisomerase I}}
Published	01/14/2024	Which enzyme is inhibited by irinotecan?{{c1::topoisomerase I}}
Published	01/14/2024	Anthracyclines (-rubicin) bind {{c1::topoisomerase II}} to cause cleavage of DNA
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