Notes in L15 Antibacterials 3

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	08/23/2023	What bacteria is the most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users?{{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	08/23/2023	Meningitis is treated empirically with {{c1::ceftriaxone}} and {{c2::vancomycin}}; add {{c3::ampicillin}} if Listeria is suspected
Published	08/23/2023	Treatment for MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)? {{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Vancomycin}} resistance occurs in Enterococcus spp. (VRE) via amino acid modification of D-Ala-D-{{c2::Ala}} to D-Ala-D-{{c2::Lac}}.
Published	08/23/2023	What antibiotic should be started for patients with a first episode of non-fulminant C. difficile colitis? {{c1::PO vancomycin or fidaxomicin}}
Published	08/23/2023	What combined antibiotic regimen can be used for C. difficile colitis in patients with multiple recurrences? {{c1::Vancomycin followed by rifaximin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Thayer-Martin Media contains {{c1::vancomycin}} to kill gram {{c2::positive}} organisms
Published	08/23/2023	What is the treatment for assumed-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Enterococcus faecalis is {{c1::more}} common and {{c1::less::more or less}} likely to be resistant to vancomycin
Published	08/23/2023	Enterococcus faecium is {{c1::less}} common and {{c1::more::more or less}} likely to be resistant to vancomycin
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Enterococci spp.}} are one of the leading causes of nosocomial (hospital) infections in the U.S. due to high antibiotic resistance.
Published	08/23/2023	What is the most common microorganism causing infective endocarditis in IV drug users? {{c1::Staphylococcus aureus}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the recommended empiric treatment for infective endocarditis in IV drug users with native heart valves?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin has activity against gram {{c1::positives}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the treatment of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin works by binding {{c2::directly}} to the {{c1::D-alanyl-D-alanine}} of peptidoglycan bacterial cell walls
Published	08/23/2023	Can Vancomycin be used to treat gram negatives?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic binds directly to the D-ala-D-ala sequence of bacterial cell walls?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is bacterio-{{c1::cidal}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the susceptibility of Vancomycin to beta-lactamases?{{c1::Resistant (ineffective)}}
Published	08/23/2023	Beta-lactamases are synthesized by {{c1::plasmid}} genes
Published	08/23/2023	How is Vancomycin typically administered?{{c1::IV}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin {{c1::can::can/can't}} penetrate the CNS
Published	08/23/2023	Ceftriaxone and {{c1::Vancomycin}} are used in the empiric treatment of {{c2::meningitis}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the treatment of MRSA osteomyelitis?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c2::Vancomycin}} is used to treat {{c1::staph epidermidis}}, which creates a biofilm on prosthetic devices
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic is used in the empiric treatment of bacterial endocarditis?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Sensitive Enterococcus spp. are treated with {{c1::vancomycin}} or IV ampicillin
Published	08/23/2023	{{c2::Enterococcus spp. (VRE)}} can alter its peptidoglycan to {{c3::D-ala-D-lac}}, conferring resistance to {{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the first line treatment of pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)?{{c1::Oral Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	What bug causes pseudomembranous colitis?{{c1::C. difficile}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic is used to treat C. difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) that is unresponsive to Vancomycin?{{c1::Oral metronidazole}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic causes red man syndrome?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c2::Red man}} syndrome results from direct activation of {{c1::mast cells}} leading to {{c1::histamine}} release upon vancomycin administration
Published	08/23/2023	Red man syndrome is characterized by erythema, pruritus, and widespread {{c1::flushing}}
Published	08/23/2023	Red man syndrome is characterized by histamine release with possible {{c1::hypo}}-tension
Published	08/23/2023	Red man syndrome can be avoided by {{c1::slowing}} the infusion of vancomycin
Published	08/23/2023	Red man syndrome can be avoided by pre-treating with {{c1::anti-histimines}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic can cause thrombophlebitis at the injection site?{{c1::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is known to be both {{c1::oto}}-toxic and {{c2::nephro}}-toxic
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is a known cause of {{c1::DRESS}} syndrome, with eosinophilia and skin rash
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is a known cause of {{c1::eosino}}-philia and skin {{c1::rash}}
Published	08/23/2023	90% of Vancomycin is excreted by {{c1::glomerular}} filtration
Published	08/23/2023	Damage to which organ can result in problems with Vancomycin clearance?{{c1::Kidneys}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (VISA) has an unusually thickened {{c1::cell wall}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin is bacterio-{{c1::cidal}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is the spectrum of activity for Daptomycin?{{c1::Gram positives}}
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic inserts itself into the cell membrane,causing depolarization of the cell membrane?{{c1::Daptomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin inserts its lipid tail into the cell wall, causing membrane {{c1::depolarization}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin can be used to treat {{c1::vancomycin}}-resistant bacterial strains
Published	08/23/2023	What lipopeptide can be used to treat VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)?{{c1::Daptomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c1::Daptomycin}} is a lipopeptide that can be used to treat {{c3::MRSA}} {{c2::bacteremia}}.
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin can treat endocarditis caused by {{c1::Staph aureus}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin-resistant Staph aureus can be treated by {{c1::daptomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Can daptomycin be used to treat pneumonia?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	{{c2::Daptomycin}} is inactivated by {{c1::alveolar surfactant:}} and thus cannot be used to treat pneumonia
Published	08/23/2023	Which antibiotic can present with myopathy and rhabdomyolysis?{{c1::Daptomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin is associated with myopathy and {{c1::rhabdomyolysis}}
Published	08/23/2023	What enzyme levels should be monitored in a patient on daptomycin?{{c1::Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridium difficile?{{c1::Oral Vancomycin::also ROA}}
Published	08/23/2023	What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridium difficile?{{c1::Oral Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin is an antibacterial that works by creating {{c1::transmembrane channels}}
Published	08/23/2023	Daptomycin is a lipopeptide used to treat Multi Drug Resistant Gram-{{c1::Positive Cocci::gram stain and shape}} infections
Published	08/23/2023	Can you use Daptomycin to treat lung infections?{{c1::No}}
Published	08/23/2023	The most significant side effects of Daptomycin manifest due to damage to patients {{c1::muscles}}
Published	08/23/2023	Bacitracin is used as a topical treatment for highly resistant Gram {{c1::positive}} infections
Published	08/23/2023	Bacitracin works by inhibiting Bactoprenol, a peptidoglycan "building block" {{c1::carrier}} molecule
Published	08/23/2023	Polymixin B, Bacitracin, and Neomycin are used as a triple antibiotic combination used to treat {{c1::superficial skin}} infections
Published	08/23/2023	Polymixin B and E (Colistin) are used as salvage therapy for Multi Drug Resistant Gram {{c1::Negative}} infections
Published	08/23/2023	Polymixins work by binding to {{c1::LPS}} on bacterial cell membranes
Published	08/23/2023	Polymixins are severely toxic against the {{c1::CNS}}, {{c2::kidneys}}, and the lungs
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Colistin (Polymixin E) is encoded via the Mcr-1 gene which alters the structure of {{c1::Lipid A}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is antibacterial that is indicated for multi-drug resistant Gram-{{c1::positive}} bugs only
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding the {{c1::D-ala-D-ala}} portion of cell wall precursors, thus preventing {{c2::transpeptidation}}
Published	08/23/2023	Resistance to Vancomycin is encoded via modifying the bacteria's D-Ala-D-Ala subunit to {{c1::D-ala-D-lac}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin Resistant Bacteria typically spread resistance to other bacterium via {{c1::Transposition}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is especially suitable for Clostridium Difficile infections when it is prescribed {{c1::orally::IV or Orally?}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is only indicated for serious infections caused by Staph Aureus or Staph Epidermidis when they are resistant to {{c1::Penicillins}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin is given empirically for signs of {{c1::Meningitis}} in most age groups
Published	08/23/2023	In regards to side effects, Vancomycin is well tolerated in general but NOT trouble free:- N{{c1::ephrotoxicity}}- O{{c2::totoxicity}}- T{{c3::hrombop…
Published	08/23/2023	Upon rapid infusion of Vancomycin, if a patient presents like the following image - what is side effect is occuring?{{c1::Red Man Syndrome}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin causes Red Man Syndrome due to stimulating release of {{c1::Histamine}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin can cause a potentially fatal delayed hypersensitivity reaction known as {{c1::DRESS}} syndrome
Published	08/23/2023	Empiric treatment of pneumonia in a young child with cystic fibrosis should include coverage against {{c1::methicillin-resistant S. aureus}}
Published	08/23/2023	Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole, vancomycin, or {{c1::fidaxomicin}}
Published	08/23/2023	What antibiotic should be started for patients with a first recurrence of C. difficile colitis? {{c1::Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin}}
Published	08/23/2023	What are the treatments for meningitis? (3){{c1::VancomycinCeftriaxone (<1mo → Cefotaxime)Ampicillin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Neonatal sepsis = {{c1::ampicillin/gentamicin::dual blend}} or {{c2::cefotaxime}} +/- {{c3::vancomycin::if meningitis is suspected}}
Published	08/23/2023	What antibiotic regimen is used to treat fulminant C. difficile colitis? {{c1::IV metronidazoleOral vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Staph septic joint = {{c1::nafcillin::if MSSA}} or {{c1::vancomycin::if MRSA}}
Published	08/23/2023	Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus:{{c1::MSSA::MRSA/MSSA}}: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin{{c1::MRSA::MRSA/MSSA}}: vancomycin, daptomycin, linez…
Published	08/23/2023	MRSA and Pseudomonas = {{c1::hospital}}-acquired pnuemonia treated with {{c2::Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)}} and {{c2::Vancomycin}}
Published	08/23/2023	Severe purulent skin infections are managed with {{c1::vancomycin::treatment}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin or linezolid/daptomycin are used in sepsis to cover for {{c1::MRSA::bacteria}}
Published	08/23/2023	Osteomyelitis should be empirically treated with IV {{c1::vancomycin}} and IV {{c1::antipseudomonal agent}}
Published	08/23/2023	Epiglottitis is managed with {{c1::ceftriaxone and vancomycin::antibiotic treatment}}
Published	08/23/2023	Vancomycin, opioids, and {{c1::radiocontrast dye}} can cause IgE-independent mast cell degranulation.
Published	08/23/2023	What is the next step in management for an unstable patient with suspected vertebral osteomyelitis and focal neurologic deficits?{{c1::Empiric antibio…
Status	Last Update	Fields