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Notes in BIO1A - Lecture 3 1/29 Cell structure and organization

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Published 02/05/2025 Streptomycin is an antibiotic that disrupts the function of the 30S subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome. What wuld be the consequence of treating bact…
Published 02/05/2025 A particular cell contains the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma, membranes, and mitochondria. Based on this composi…
Published 02/05/2025 Which of the following four listed cell organelles/compartments would a typical living plant cell contain?
Published 02/05/2025 Desmosomes act as {{c1::anchoring junctions}}, fastening cells together into strong sheets.,"anchoring junctions"
Published 02/05/2025 Gap junctions provide {{c1::cytoplasmic channels}} between adjacent cells for communication.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Genomics}} is the study of large sets of genes and/or the entire set of genetic information that makes up an organism.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Proteomics}} is a comparative analysis of large sets of proteins.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Bioinformatics}} uses computational tools to analyze large sets of genomic and proteomic data.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::All organisms}} are made of cells.
Published 02/05/2025 The cell is the {{c1::simplest collection of matter}} that can live.
Published 02/05/2025 Cell structure is correlated to {{c1::cellular function}}.
Published 02/05/2025 All cells are related by their {{c1::descent from earlier cells}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Cell fractionation}} takes cells apart and separates the major organelles from one another.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Ultracentrifuges}} fractionate cells into their component parts.
Published 02/05/2025 Cell fractionation helps scientists determine the {{c1::functions of organelles}}.
Published 02/05/2025 Biochemistry and cytology correlate {{c1::cell function}} with {{c2::structure}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Cell fractionation}} separates cells into their major organelles.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Ultracentrifuges}} are used to fractionate cells into component parts.
Published 02/05/2025 Biochemistry and cytology help correlate {{c1::cell function}} with {{c2::structure}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Plasma membrane}}, {{c2::cytosol}}, {{c3::chromosomes}}, and {{c4::ribosomes}} are the four basic features of all cells.
Published 02/05/2025 The semifluid substance found in cells is called {{c1::cytosol}}.
Published 02/05/2025 The structural and functional unit of all organisms is one of two types of cells: {{c1::prokaryotic}} or {{c2::eukaryotic}}.
Published 02/05/2025 Organisms in the domains {{c1::Bacteria}} and {{c2::Archaea}} consist of prokaryotic cells.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Protists, fungi, animals, and plants}} all consist of eukaryotic cells.
Published 02/05/2025 Prokaryotic cells have: {{c1::No nucleus}}, {{c2::DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid}}, {{c3::No membrane-bound organelles}}, {{c4::Cytoplas…
Published 02/05/2025 Prokaryotic cells are typically {{c1::1-10 µm}} in diameter. 
Published 02/05/2025 The smallest prokaryotic cells are {{c1::0.2 µm}} in diameter. 
Published 02/05/2025 Eukaryotic cells have: {{c1::DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope}}, {{c2::membrane-bound organelles}}, and {{c3::cytopla…
Published 02/05/2025 The nucleus contains most of the cell’s {{c1::genes}} and is usually the most conspicuous organelle. 
Published 02/05/2025 The {{c1::nuclear envelope}} encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. 
Published 02/05/2025 The nuclear membrane is a {{c1::double membrane}}, with each membrane consisting of a {{c2::lipid bilayer}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Pores}} in the nuclear envelope regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus. 
Published 02/05/2025 The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the {{c1::nuclear lamina}}, which is composed of protein. 
Published 02/05/2025 Ribosomes are particles made of {{c1::ribosomal RNA}} and {{c2::protein}}.
Published 02/05/2025 Ribosomes carry out {{c1::protein synthesis}} in two locations: {{c2::in the cytosol (free ribosomes)}} and {{c3::on the outside of the endoplasmic re…
Published 02/05/2025 The endomembrane system regulates {{c1::protein traffic}} and performs {{c2::metabolic functions}} in the cell. 
Published 02/05/2025 Components of the endomembrane system include {{c1::nuclear envelope}}, {{c2::endoplasmic reticulum}}, {{c3::Golgi apparatus}}, {{c4::lysosomes}}, {{c…
Published 02/05/2025 These components are either {{c1::continuous}} or connected via transfer by {{c2::vesicles}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accounts for more than {{c1::half}} of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. 
Published 02/05/2025 The ER membrane is {{c1::continuous}} with the nuclear envelope. 
Published 02/05/2025 There are two distinct regions of ER: {{c1::Smooth ER}}, which lacks ribosomes, and {{c2::Rough ER}}, which has ribosomes studding its surface. 
Published 02/05/2025 The {{c1::smooth ER}} synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies poison, and stores calcium.
Published 02/05/2025 The {{c1::rough ER}} has bound ribosomes, secretes glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates), distributes transport vesicles, and is…
Published 02/05/2025 The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous sacs called {{c1::cisternae}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 Functions of the Golgi apparatus: {{c1::modifies products of the ER}}, {{c2::manufactures certain macromolecules}}, and {{c3::sorts and packages mater…
Published 02/05/2025 The {{c1::cis face}} is the "receiving" side of the Golgi apparatus, and the {{c2::trans face}} is the "shipping" side. 
Published 02/05/2025 Mitochondria are the sites of {{c1::cellular respiration}}, a metabolic process that generates ATP. 
Published 02/05/2025 Chloroplasts, found in plants and algae, are the sites of {{c1::photosynthesis}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Peroxisomes}} are oxidative organelles. 
Published 02/05/2025 Mitochondria and chloroplasts: {{c1::are not part of the endomembrane system}}, {{c2::have a double membrane}}, {{c3::have proteins made by free ribos…
Published 02/05/2025 Mitochondria are found in nearly all {{c1::eukaryotic cells}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 Mitochondria have a smooth {{c1::outer membrane}} and an {{c2::inner membrane}} folded into cristae. 
Published 02/05/2025 The inner membrane creates two compartments: {{c1::intermembrane space}} and {{c2::mitochondrial matrix}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalyzed in the {{c1::mitochondrial matrix}}.
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::Cristae}} provide a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP. 
Published 02/05/2025 The chloroplast is a member of a family of plant organelles called {{c1::plastids}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 Chloroplasts contain the green pigment {{c1::chlorophyll}}, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in {{c2::photosynthesis}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 Chloroplasts are found in {{c1::leaves}} and other green organs of plants and in {{c2::algae}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 The {{c1::cytoskeleton}} is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. 
Published 02/05/2025 The cytoskeleton extends throughout the {{c1::cytoplasm}}.
Published 02/05/2025 It organizes the cell’s {{c1::structures and activities}}, anchoring many organelles. 
Published 02/05/2025 The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of molecular structures: {{c1::microtubules}}, {{c2::microfilaments (actin filaments)}}, and {{c3::interme…
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.1851:top=.3838:width=.1477:height=.0489:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.3231:top=.2676:width=.1364:height=.045…
Published 02/05/2025 {{c1::image-occlusion:rect:left=.2187:top=.005:width=.3918:height=.1051:oi=1}}{{c2::image-occlusion:rect:left=.4793:top=.87:width=.4261:height=.0714:o…
Published 02/05/2025 The cytoskeleton helps to {{c1::support the cell}} and maintain its {{c2::shape}}. 
Published 02/05/2025 The cytoskeleton interacts with {{c1::motor proteins}} to produce motility. 
Published 02/05/2025 Inside the cell, vesicles can travel along {{c1::“monorails”}} provided by the cytoskeleton. 
Published 02/05/2025 Recent evidence suggests that the cytoskeleton may help regulate {{c1::biochemical activities}}. 
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