Notes in CELL 362

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/09/2024	558aaa3cb32f4f13900e1a67feccc73d-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	558aaa3cb32f4f13900e1a67feccc73d-ao-2
Published	05/09/2024	558aaa3cb32f4f13900e1a67feccc73d-ao-3
Published	05/09/2024	558aaa3cb32f4f13900e1a67feccc73d-ao-4
Published	05/09/2024	558aaa3cb32f4f13900e1a67feccc73d-ao-5
Published	05/09/2024	2.     Understand the difference between intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid ECF: high in {{c1::Na+ and Ca +, and Cl…
Published	05/09/2024	3.     Be able to define Dynamic Steady State Dynamic steady state is not the same as {{c1::equilibrium}}
Published	05/09/2024	Homeostasis: {{c1::the physiological attempt to correct and to maintain the internal environment}}
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::Study of failure is to compensate}} is pathophysiology
Published	05/09/2024	Local control systems mean the cells {{c1::in the vicinity of the change}} initiate the response
Published	05/09/2024	Reflex response: initiated by response of cells {{c1::at DISTANT site}} and they are in control
Published	05/09/2024	ECF: Na+: {{c1::140}} mmol/L Cl-: {{c2::100}} mmol/L K+: {{c3::5}} mmol/L
Published	05/09/2024	ICF: Na+: {{c1::10}} mmol/L Cl-: {{c2::5}} mmol/L K+: {{c3::140}} mmol/L
Published	05/09/2024	Negative Feedback: {{c1::stabilizes}} variable
Published	05/09/2024	Positive feedback: {{c1::reinforces}} the stimulus
Published	05/09/2024	Feedforward control: {{c1::anticipates change. }}
Published	05/09/2024	Mass flow: {{c1::concentration x volume flow}}
Published	05/09/2024	Solution ratio: {{c1::x g / y ml}}
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-2
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-3
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-4
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-5
Published	05/09/2024	42aaf0093fdd43328530baaaa63ece82-ao-6
Published	05/09/2024	20682bf9472440dca953811bad31e5d5-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	20682bf9472440dca953811bad31e5d5-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	20682bf9472440dca953811bad31e5d5-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	20682bf9472440dca953811bad31e5d5-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-6
Published	05/09/2024	cc2e901edec3461591d2ee01a0723502-oa-7
Published	05/09/2024	009b96e312074ee99e1c25f5d62fada1-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	009b96e312074ee99e1c25f5d62fada1-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	009b96e312074ee99e1c25f5d62fada1-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	009b96e312074ee99e1c25f5d62fada1-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	34259959fe5744d19f0a1283c27e73ee-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	34259959fe5744d19f0a1283c27e73ee-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	34259959fe5744d19f0a1283c27e73ee-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	34259959fe5744d19f0a1283c27e73ee-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	1 molar solution of glucose= {{c1::180 grams of glucose + enough solvent to make 1 liter}}
Published	05/09/2024	Equivalent is different from molarity because it depends on {{c1::charge}}
Published	05/09/2024	equivalents={{c1::Molarity of solution x charge of ion}}
Published	05/09/2024	Percent solution= {{c1::x solute/ y (total parts of solution)}}
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::Buffer}} moderates changes in pH
Published	05/09/2024	Normal range of body pH is {{c1::7.0-7.7}}
Published	05/09/2024	PH= {{c1::-log (H3O)}}
Published	05/09/2024	Difference between molarity and molalityMolarity: {{c1::solute + amount of solvent taken up to 1L}}Molality: {{c1::solute + 1 L of Solvent}}
Published	05/09/2024	When sodium enters the cell....the cell becomes {{c1::less negative}}...and the membrane {{c1::depolarizes}}
Published	05/09/2024	1. Understand that homeostasis does not mean equilibrium Body compartments are in a state of {{c1::chemical disequilibrium}} because the ce…
Published	05/09/2024	[Na] (ICF): {{c1::~15mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Na] (Interstitial Fluid): {{c1::~140 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Na] (Plasma): {{c1::~140 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[K+] (ICF): {{c1::~120 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[K+] (Interstial Fluid): {{c1::~5 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[K+] (Plasma): {{c1::~5 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Cl-] (Interstial Fluid): {{c1::~10 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Cl-] (ICF): {{c1::~10 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Cl-] (Plasma): {{c1::~105 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[HCO3-] (ICF): {{c1::~10 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[HCO3-] (Interstial Fluid): {{c1::~21 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[HCO3-] (Plasma): {{c1::~21 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Proteins] (Intracellular Fluid): {{c1::~110 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Proteins] (Interstial Fluid): {{c1::0 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	[Proteins] (Plasma): {{c1::~76 mmol/L}}
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::28}} L of intracellular fluid
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::14}} L of ECF {{c1::3.5}} L is plasma {{c1::10.5}} L is interstitial fluid
Published	05/09/2024	Plasma is {{c1::25}}% of ECF
Published	05/09/2024	Interstitial fluid is {{c1::75}}% of ECF
Published	05/09/2024	ECF: {{c1::1}}/3 ICF: {{c1::2}}/3
Published	05/09/2024	About {{c1::48}} L of fluid total in the body
Published	05/09/2024	Total body water: use {{c1::D2O or tritium oxide because it will dissolve in water}}
Published	05/09/2024	Extracellular fluid: {{c1::inulin}}
Published	05/09/2024	Plasma: {{c1::Evan’s blue}}
Published	05/09/2024	ICF= {{c1::total body water - ECF}}
Published	05/09/2024	How to calculate interstitial Fluid= {{c1::ECF- plasma}}
Published	05/09/2024	osmolarity takes into account {{c1::dissociation of molecules in a solution}}
Published	05/09/2024	Osmolarity= {{c1::molarity x number of particles per molecule in solution}}
Published	05/09/2024	Tonicity: describes {{c1::how cell volume would change if placed in solution}}
Published	05/09/2024	Tonicity Depends on {{c1::nature of solutes}}, not just on osmolarity: {{c1::Identity of solute}}: may or may not be able to penetrate th…
Published	05/09/2024	What is the standard value of osmolarity for a typical cell?{{c1::300 mOsM}}
Published	05/09/2024	Rules for osmolarity and tonicity Assume that all intracellular solutes are {{c1::non-penetrating}} Compare {{c2::osmolarities}} before the …
Published	05/09/2024	Bulk flow: fluids are {{c1::gases and liquids}}
Published	05/09/2024	Facilitated diffusion uses {{c1::protein}}
Published	05/09/2024	Primary active transport creates {{c1::concentration gradient}} for secondary active transport
Published	05/09/2024	f49cb08d4cd74247b25f59fa600d1479-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	f49cb08d4cd74247b25f59fa600d1479-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	f49cb08d4cd74247b25f59fa600d1479-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	f49cb08d4cd74247b25f59fa600d1479-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	f49cb08d4cd74247b25f59fa600d1479-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	Symporter: {{c1::movement of two molecules in the same direction through a protein channel}}
Published	05/09/2024	Antiport: {{c1::movement of two molecules in the opposite direction through a protein channel}}
Published	05/09/2024	Uniport: {{c1::movement of one molecule indepdent of the other molecules}}
Published	05/09/2024	Chemical: opens when a {{c1::chemical binds}} Mechanical: opens when {{c2::membrane stretches (skin)}} Voltage: opens when {{c3::membrane …
Published	05/09/2024	2d82704df5e243cdab26c75ddeeefb84-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	2d82704df5e243cdab26c75ddeeefb84-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	2d82704df5e243cdab26c75ddeeefb84-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	2d82704df5e243cdab26c75ddeeefb84-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	Specificity limits the {{c1::type of molecules}} that bind to a protein
Published	05/09/2024	Competition: glucose wants to bind to a protein but {{c1::maltose (an inhibitor)}} binds to the {{c1::GLUT transporter}} but {{c1::is not c…
Published	05/09/2024	2. Define transport maximum and explain how this can affect the transport of molecules in a cell. {{c1::The rate of substrate is transferre…
Published	05/09/2024	Phagocytosis: {{c1::cell engulfs bacterium or other particle into phagosome}}
Published	05/09/2024	Endocytosis: {{c1::membrane surfaced indents and forms vesicles}}
Published	05/09/2024	Type of endocytosis {{c2::Pinocytosis}}: {{c1::nonselective active process}}
Published	05/09/2024	Caveolae {{c1::Looks like the pre-cursor to the vesicle in the membrane (divot in the membrane)}}
Published	05/09/2024	Describe exocytosis using Ca: {{c1::Ca will rush into the membrane, depolarizing it, and will attach to synaptotagmin on the synaptic vesi…
Published	05/09/2024	Apical membrane: {{c1::faces the external environment; faces away from the body}}
Published	05/09/2024	Basolateral membrane: faces the {{c1::ECF}}
Published	05/09/2024	Transcellular is {{c1::through the cell}}
Published	05/09/2024	Paracellular is {{c1::between the cells}}
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-6
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-7
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-8
Published	05/09/2024	b8df8fee736546eea9136ba82dca0372-oa-9
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-2
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-3
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-4
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-5
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-6
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-7
Published	05/09/2024	3aaa35317370497f829b194399d9c991-ao-8
Published	05/09/2024	What kind of transporter is GLUT? {{c1::passive transporter}}
Published	05/09/2024	What kind of transporter is S-GLUT and what does is transport?{{c1::secondary active transporter}}{{c1::Na+ and Glucose}}
Published	05/09/2024	A solute is considered non-penetrating if {{c1::a gradient is maintained }}
Published	05/09/2024	What is the average resting membrane potential of a mamillian neuron?{{c1::-70 mV}}
Published	05/09/2024	What are the two penetrating solutes?{{c1::Urea and Glucose}}
Published	05/09/2024	b3d9fd3577c940ef84d8c95897dc05f6-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	b3d9fd3577c940ef84d8c95897dc05f6-ao-2
Published	05/09/2024	b3d9fd3577c940ef84d8c95897dc05f6-ao-3
Published	05/09/2024	b3d9fd3577c940ef84d8c95897dc05f6-ao-4
Published	05/09/2024	b3d9fd3577c940ef84d8c95897dc05f6-ao-5
Published	05/09/2024	25c5ab4d134a424191b016238365c5d1-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	25c5ab4d134a424191b016238365c5d1-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	25c5ab4d134a424191b016238365c5d1-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	a8f6beab558740e4bf0a24e9f0d49305-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	a8f6beab558740e4bf0a24e9f0d49305-ao-2
Published	05/09/2024	a8f6beab558740e4bf0a24e9f0d49305-ao-3
Published	05/09/2024	a8f6beab558740e4bf0a24e9f0d49305-ao-4
Published	05/09/2024	f7f2714d120848b1a9acffe82ca7eb85-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	f7f2714d120848b1a9acffe82ca7eb85-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	f7f2714d120848b1a9acffe82ca7eb85-oa-3
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Published	05/09/2024	f7f2714d120848b1a9acffe82ca7eb85-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	b752d002f3a245548f08055f7b6a04d5-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	b752d002f3a245548f08055f7b6a04d5-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	b752d002f3a245548f08055f7b6a04d5-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	b752d002f3a245548f08055f7b6a04d5-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	What determines if a certain cell responds to a signal?{{c1::The receptor}}
Published	05/09/2024	Electrical signals: changes in the {{c1::membrane potential}} of a cell
Published	05/09/2024	Chemical signals Secreted by cells into {{c1::ECF}} Most communication within in the body
Published	05/09/2024	What makes up gap junctions?{{c1::Connexons}}
Published	05/09/2024	What makes up connexons?{{c1::connexins}}
Published	05/09/2024	Neurocrines are {{c1::chemical signals}} secreted by neurons
Published	05/09/2024	Neurotransmitters are{{c1::chemical signals from one neuron to the other}}
Published	05/09/2024	Neuromodulators are {{c1::para/autocrine signals}}
Published	05/09/2024	Neurohormones are released where?{{c1::into the blood stream}}
Published	05/09/2024	Cytokines: Act on {{c1::local and long-distance}} signals Synthesized and secreted cytokines in response to {{c1::STIMULI}} Development and …
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::Lipophilic}} signal molecules {{c2::diffuse through the cell membrane}}. They then {{c3::bind to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus}…
Published	05/09/2024	{{c1::Second messenger systems}} can amplify the signal to make a {{c1::diffuse}} response ({{c1::amplifier}} enzyme)
Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-1
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Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-6
Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-7
Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-8
Published	05/09/2024	bda9afd254c54cbf9e668546e5f4fec6-oa-9
Published	05/09/2024	For signal cascades: {{c1::Conversion of substrate to product}} is the final step of the cascade
Published	05/09/2024	5ebce472d15941eeb4fca707fe4b574c-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	5ebce472d15941eeb4fca707fe4b574c-oa-2
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Published	05/09/2024	e11937e34c1840c68885f6db3463ca81-ao-1
Published	05/09/2024	e11937e34c1840c68885f6db3463ca81-ao-2
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Published	05/09/2024	e11937e34c1840c68885f6db3463ca81-ao-5
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Published	05/09/2024	e11937e34c1840c68885f6db3463ca81-ao-7
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-1
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-2
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-3
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-4
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-5
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-6
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-7
Published	05/09/2024	31bc99a61b8444feacab5c53d3a4c7ce-oa-8
Published	05/09/2024	Integrins are {{c1::membrane spanning protein that INTEGRATE themselves into the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton}} via {{c2::anch…
Published	05/09/2024	NO produced by {{c1::endothelial cells}}
Published	05/09/2024	Nitric oxide diffuses into {{c1::smooth muscle}} and causes {{c1::vasodilation}}
Published	05/09/2024	NO Synthesizer: {{c1::Nitric oxide synthase}}
Status	Last Update	Fields