Notes in 03PediaPE

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Published	07/30/2024	In taking the temperature of pediatric patients, it is ideal to avoid the {{c1::rectal}} route and avoid the use of {{c1::mercurial}} thermometers.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c2::CR, RR, and BP::3 Parameters}} must be measured in pediatric patients especially in those belonging to the high-risk group of {{c1::3 years …
Published	07/30/2024	Systolic blood pressure gradually {{c1::increases::inc/dec}} throughout childhood.
Published	07/30/2024	SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE males at birth: {{c1::70 mm Hg}} males at {{c2::1 month}}:{{c1::85 mm Hg}} males at {{c2::6 months}}: {{c1::90 mm Hg&…
Published	07/30/2024	The heart rate and respitatory rate of infants is {{c1::more::more/less}} sensitive to the effects illness, exercise, and emotion, than that of adults…
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the preferred {{c1::axillary route}} in the left and the avoided {{c2::rectal route}} in the right.
Published	07/30/2024	The BP cuff bladder should be around {{c1::2/3 of the upper arm length}} and {{c2::80-100% of the arm circumference}}
Published	07/30/2024	The BP percentile makes use of {{c1::BP nomograms}} based on sex, age, and height.
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring the BP, one places the stethoscope in the {{c1::cubital fossa}}
Published	07/30/2024	The three major growth parameters to include when taking anthropometric data of pediatric patients include: {{c1::Weight (in kg)}} {{c1::Lengt…
Published	07/30/2024	Special anthropometric measurements, especially for newborns include: {{c1::Chest circumference (in cm)}} {{c1::Abdominal circumference (in cm…
Published	07/30/2024	In getting the {{c1::recumbent length}} of infants <2y/o, place their back at the center of the length board, lying flat, eyes looking straight up,…
Published	07/30/2024	In getting the {{c1::standing height}} in children > 2 y/o, ask the patient to have their head straight, knees straight, eyes and ears level, feet …
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring the standing height of children, do gentle upward traction of the {{c1::mastoid process.}}
Published	07/30/2024	In measuring the head circumference, place a tape measure over the {{c1::supraorbital ridge}} in the front and extend circumferentially to include the…
Published	07/30/2024	Measuring the chest circumference of a pediatric patient is done right after birth mid-{{c1::inspiration}} with the {{c1::xiphoid notch}} as the refer…
Published	07/30/2024	REFERENCE POINT TO MEASURE ABDOMINAL CIRCUMFERENCE IN PEDIA PE- in infants: {{c2::across umbilicus}}- in older children: {{c1::between lower rib and i…
Published	07/30/2024	In inspecting the {{c1::skin}} of a pediatric patients, it is important to assess for - {{c2::Color}}- {{c2::Turgor}}- {{c2::Loss of subcutaneous f…
Published	07/30/2024	In inspecting the {{c1::head}} of a pediatric patient, take note of- {{c2::hair}}: {{c3::quantity, color, texture, surface characteristic, strength&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	In inspecting the {{c2::face}} in pediatric PE, take note of {{c1::symmetry}} {{c1::expression}} {{c1::unusual facies}} - distinctive facia…
Published	07/30/2024	In pediatric PE of the eyes, the absence of the {{c1::red orange reflex}} suggests {{c2::cataracts.}}
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the clinical finding of {{c1::ptosis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the clinical finding of {{c1::icteric sclera}}, suggesting {{c1::jaundice.}}
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the clinical finding of {{c1::Dennie Morgan Lines}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the clinical finding of {{c1::an allergic shiner.}}
Published	07/30/2024	The image shows the clinical finding of {{c1::leukocoria and absent ROR}} in the right eye, suggesting {{c1::blindness or congenital cataract}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In pediatric PE of the ear and mastoids, one should note:- {{c1::size, shape, location, and position of ear in relation to head}}- {{c1::volume of pin…
Published	07/30/2024	In pediatric PE of the ear, {{c1::20%}} of the pinna should be above the invisible line across the {{c1::mid-eye and lateral side of the nose}} - othe…
Published	07/30/2024	In otoscopy, the most important concern is {{c1::to insert the otoscope at the appropriate angle.}}
Published	07/30/2024	PERFORMING OTOSCOPY IN CHILDREN: In newborn and infants- Direction of ear canal: {{c1::upward}}- Direction that the pinna is pulled during otosco…
Published	07/30/2024	PERFORMING OTOSCOPY IN CHILDREN: Older Children- Direction of ear canal: {{c1::downward and forward}}- Direction the pinna is pulled in otsocopy:…
Published	07/30/2024	The given otoscopy finding shows {{c1::acute otitis media}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The given otoscopy finding shows {{c1::acute otitis media with clear effusion and air}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The given otoscopy finding shows {{c1::AOM w purulent effusion}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The given otoscopy finding shows {{c1::bullous myringitis}}
Published	07/30/2024	The given otoscopy finding shows {{c1::perforation}}.
Published	07/30/2024	In pediatric PE of the nose, the {{c1::otoscope}} is used to check for- {{c1::patency of the nares}}- {{c1::alar flaring}}- {{c1::discharge}}- {{c1::p…
Published	07/30/2024	In PE of the mouth and throat, a {{c1::tongue depressor}} and {{c1::penlight}} are used to examine the entire mouth and throat
Published	07/30/2024	In PE of the mouth and throat, make sure to assess:- {{c1::LIPS}} - color, moisture, excoriations, lesions, rashes, clef, scars, ulcers- {{c1::THROAT}…
Published	07/30/2024	By 2 years old, children usually have around {{c1::20}} milk teeth.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Ankyloglossia}} is a congential disorder that can be released so that the patient will not have a difficult time pronouncing the letters {{c2::M…
Published	07/30/2024	In examining the throat, the following parts should be examined:- {{c1::PALATE & UVULA}} - Symmetry, Presence of cleft palate, Rash, Vesicles, Ulc…
Published	07/30/2024	A cobblestone appearance of the posterior pharyngeal wall indicates {{c1::hypertrophy of the lymph nodes}}.
Published	07/30/2024	Enlarged tonsils may contribute to {{c1::obstructive sleep apnea}}, which may lead to frequent infections in the throat.
Published	07/30/2024	Tonsils often appear big from toddler to school age period, but the size resolves itself at around 9 years old.{{c1::TRUE::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	When examining the tongue, hold the {{c1::tongue depressor}} with your dominant hand, and the {{c1::penlight}} with your nondominant hand.
Published	07/30/2024	In examining the tongue, the {{c1::4th and 5th fingers of the dominant hand}} should rest on the chin or face of the patient to anchor their face in c…
Published	07/30/2024	The tip of the tongue depressor in tongue examination is placed at the {{c1::center}} and the {{c1::junction of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of …
Published	07/30/2024	Tongue symmetry and deviation is checked for by asking the patient to stick out their tongue.{{c1::TRUE:: T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::geographic tongue}} is a benign tongue inflammation that is {{c2::usually not treated::not treated/treated}}, while {{c1::oral thrush / candid…
Published	07/30/2024	Respirations in newborns and young infants rely on {{c1::abdominal}} movement, while those of children older than 4-5 y/o are reliant on {{c1::interco…
Published	07/30/2024	Seeing {{c1::retractions}} in chest inspection of pediatric PE indicates respiratory distress.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Vocal fremitus}} is assesed by asking the child to repeat {{c2::'tres tres' or 'ninety-nine'}} while the examiner palpates all areas of the ches…
Published	07/30/2024	In palpating for vocal fremitus, the palmar or ulnar surface of both hands should detect distinct vibrations of equal intensity on corresponding areas…
Published	07/30/2024	CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF VOCAL FREMITUS:- decreased fremitus: {{c1::atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion}}- increased fremitus: {{c1::consolida…
Published	07/30/2024	In chest percussion, the dominant {{c1::plexor}} finger is serves as the striking finger, in a wrist action, while the non-dominant {{c2::pleximeter}}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Adynamic}} precordium is normal and restful, while {{c2::Dynamic}} precordium indicates a cardiac problem.
Published	07/30/2024	A dynamic precordium, or a heartbeat that is seen on chest wall, indicates either {{c1::an enlarged heart}} or an {{c1::overworked heart}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::apex beat}} corresponds to the lower and outermost point of the cardiac impulse found at the {{c1::4th LICS MCL}} in children {{c2::younger …
Published	07/30/2024	CV INSPECTION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:- {{c1::Adynamic Precordium}} - normal or pericardial effusion- {{c2::Hyperdynamic Precordium}} - fever, hyper…
Published	07/30/2024	FINDINGS IN CARDIOVASCULAR PALPATION- {{c1::THRILLS}} - {{c2::purring vibratory sensation}} felt by the palm placed over the precordium- {{c1::SUBSTER…
Published	07/30/2024	Thrills are felt in palpation, while murmurs are heard in auscultation.{{c1::TRUE::T/F}}
Published	07/30/2024	AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART- {{c1::AORTIC::AREA}} - {{c2::base right}}- {{c1::PULMONIC::AREA}} - {{c2::base left}}- {{c1::MITRAL::AREA}} - {{c2::apex}}-…
Published	07/30/2024	GRADING OF MURMUR INTENSITYI - {{c1::Barely audible}}II - {{c1::Medium intensity}}III - {{c1::Loud but NO thrill}}IV - {{c1::Loud but WITH thrill}}V -…
Published	07/30/2024	NINE ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS{{c1::right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondriumright lumbar, umbilical, left lumbarright iliac, hypogastric or s…
Published	07/30/2024	Upon {{c1::inspection}} of the abdomen, one should note the size, shape, presence of prominent vessels, striae, pulsations, peristaltic movements, and…
Published	07/30/2024	The shown abdominal inspection finding depicts {{c1::globular abdomen}} with visible vessels.
Published	07/30/2024	The shown abdominal inspection finding depicts {{c1::abdominal striae}}.
Published	07/30/2024	The shown abdominal inspection finding depicts {{c1::schapoid abdomen in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.}}
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE OR FALSE: In palpation of the abdomen, have the patient lie supine, semi-flexed at hips and knees; and palpate with your dominant hand while stan…
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE OR FALSE: In palpaiton of the abdomen, use your flat side of the fingers to palpate and make sure your hands are clean and warm.{{c1::TRUE}}
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE OR FALSE: In palpation of the abdomen of crying infants lay hand on abdomen and when infant inhales deeply after a long cry, press fingers to pal…
Published	07/30/2024	The main technique done in percussion of the abdomen involves {{c1::elicitation of CVA tenderness.}}
Published	07/30/2024	TRUE OR FALSE: Elicitation of CVA tenderness is only done in {{c1::older children and adolescents::infants/older children}}, and is done with the pati…
Published	07/30/2024	To elicit CVA tenderness, use {{c1::heel of closed fist (ulnar side)}} to strike the patient firmly on the CVA (angle between the {{c1::12th rib …
Published	07/30/2024	A patient who experiences pain upon CVA tenderness elicitation is positive for the test, and this usually corresponds to {{c1::inflammatory processes …
Published	07/30/2024	The shown PE of genitalia finding depicts {{c1::phimosis}}.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Phimosis}}, where the preputial sac is very narrow and cannot be retracted, is the most common finding in newborn male patients with {{c2::fever…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Hypospadia}} is an abnormlaity with the male urethra on the ventral side or below the glans penis, while {{c2::epispadia}} is an abnormality whe…
Published	07/30/2024	The {{c1::left}} side of the male scrotum is usually at a lower level, but both sides should be of equal size.
Published	07/30/2024	A larger scrotal size indicates {{c1::hydrocele, hernia, or enlarged testes}}, while a smaller testes indicates {{c2::absent testis or cryptorchidism}…
Published	07/30/2024	A {{c1::transillumination test}} is done to detect if a larger scrotal size is due to a hydrocele.
Published	07/30/2024	In examining the female genitalia, examine the patient in {{c1::frog leg}} position,and examine the {{c1::vulvovaginal area}} first.
Published	07/30/2024	In examination of the labia and hymen, gentle traction on the labia {{c1::upward and outward}} helps expose the vaginal {{c2::introitus}}&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	The main finding assessed in examination of the labial and hymen is {{c1::an imperforate hymen}}, which can be treated with topical hormones or surger…
Published	07/30/2024	In PE of the anus, the child is placed in {{c1::L lateral decubitus with legs flexed against the abdomen.}}
Published	07/30/2024	In a rectal exam, have the child in {{c1::L lateral decubitus with R leg drawn up to his or her abdomen and head curled down.}} Use a gloved {{c2…
Published	07/30/2024	The main PE maneuver for scoliosis, especially in adolescents is the {{c1::BEND FORWARD TEST.}}
Published	07/30/2024	Newborn RR: {{c1::30-60}}/min
Published	07/30/2024	Most accurate area of the body to measure one's temp: {{c1::Rectal temp}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Average rectal temperature 1. infant or early childhood 2. adolescent-adult{{c1::A. Avg. rectal temp is higher in infancy and early childhood (&g…
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