Notes in 06LE Fundamentals of Circulation

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	01/07/2025	Describe pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Describe systemic circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Blood flows down a pressure gradient, what does this mean?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe flow in aorta and large arteriesAnd explain why?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe flow in the capillaries & veins when blood returns to the heart?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the relationship between velocity & cross-sectional area.in terms of proportionality
Published	01/07/2025	Where is CSA (cross sectional area) greatest (vessel type)?What is the effect of this?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the equation with velocity, flow and CSA?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe this graph
Published	01/07/2025	What are the functions of circulation? (6)
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Published	01/07/2025	Describe the pathway of blood through the heart
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the pressures in this image, why are they like this?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the % of volume of blood in:Systemic circulation, heart and pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the mean pressure of arteries in systemic circulation vs pulmonary circulationvalues for systemic/pulmonary
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the walls of arteries in systemic circulation vs Pulmonary circulation:- thickness- elasticity
Published	01/07/2025	What is the size of the lumen of arterioles in systemic circulation vs pulmonary
Published	01/07/2025	What is the response of arterioles to hypoxia in systemic circulation vs pulmonary?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the wall thickness of capillaries in systemic circulation vs pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Describe flow of blood through capillaries in systemic circulation vs pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the pressure of veins in systemic circulation vs pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Describe capacity of blood in veins in systemic circulation vs pulmonary circulation
Published	01/07/2025	Which organ has the greatest % of cardiac output?
Published	01/07/2025	Which organ has lowest % of cardiac output?
Published	01/07/2025	What organ has the highest % of blood flow per gram of tissue?
Published	01/07/2025	What is autoregulation?
Published	01/07/2025	If a system was purely passive, what would the relationship between blood flow and pressure be (type of relationship)?
Published	01/07/2025	What happens to blood flow as blood pressure increases?What does this show?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the main control mechanism of blood flow?What factors cause vasodilation? (3)
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the myogenic response
Published	01/07/2025	Give examples of vasodilators/vasoconstrictors
Published	01/07/2025	What are some external controls of blood flow? Give examples
Published	01/07/2025	Describe Splanchnic circulation
Published	01/07/2025	How much cardiac output goes to the liver?How can cardiac output increase?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe renal circulation (kidney)(6)
Published	01/07/2025	How is GFR increased/decreased in the kidney?
Published	01/07/2025	What systems is blood flow controlled by?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe renal autoregulationWhat is maintained over a wide range of pressures?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the functions of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system? (3) - what are the effects of this retention?
Published	01/07/2025	When is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activated?
Published	01/07/2025	Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system when is renin produced?what does renin act on?what enzyme converts angiotensin 1 into angiotens…
Published	01/07/2025	What does renin act on?What does this do?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the name of the enzyme that acts on angiotensin I?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the function of aldosterone?
Published	01/07/2025	Where is ADH produced?What is its function?
Published	01/07/2025	How much of the total body weight is the brain?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the % of cardiac output to the brain?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the % of oxygen consumption by the brain?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the main controls of autoregulation in cerebral circulation?
Published	01/07/2025	Why does the brain aggressively regulate the amount of acid and the amount of carbon dioxide in tissues?
Published	01/07/2025	What would increase blood flow to the brain in cerebral circulation? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	Is oxygen a controller of autoregulation in cerebral circulation?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the range of pressures of mean arterial pressure for which autoregulation maintains constant flow?
Published	01/07/2025	When pH decreases and levels of CO2  become high, what happens to blood flow in the brain?
Published	01/07/2025	Why do we need some level of CO2 in the brain?
Published	01/07/2025	What is blood flow in the skin determined by?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the role of the skin (in terms of bloodflow)?what is the core body temp?
Published	01/07/2025	How is blood flow in the skin controlled? (2)What is this under the control of? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	What differentiates blood flow in skin to other parts of the body?
Published	01/07/2025	How much of the total body weight is skeletal muscle?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the % of blood flow to the skeletal muscle at rest?What helps to keep this so low?
Published	01/07/2025	By what factor does blood flow to the skeletal muscles increase during exerciseHow does this happen?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the main mechanism of control of autoregulation in the skeletal muscle?
Published	01/07/2025	What are some other factors/controls of autoregulation in the skeletal muscle?
Published	01/07/2025	what happens to blood flow during fight or flight?How does this happen? (2 different mechanisms)any change to blood flow to brain?
Published	01/07/2025	What is Ischaemia? (2)
Published	01/07/2025	Which organs does ischaemia affect?
Published	01/07/2025	If cardiac output is low, what type of hypoxia does this suggest?
Published	01/07/2025	If haemoglobin level is low, what type of hypoxia does this suggest?
Published	01/07/2025	If blood oxygen is low, what does this suggest?
Published	01/07/2025	What are the 3 clinical syndromes of heart failure?what are each of their key identifying features?
Published	01/07/2025	A patient has chronic heart failure, as a doctor what is a key sign that may indicate this?What type of hypoxia could this be?What is the patient like…
Published	01/07/2025	A patient comes in with acute heart failure.What is a key sign that may indicate a doctor in this direction?What may be some symptoms of this? (3)What…
Published	01/07/2025	What happens during cardiogenic shock? (3)what are some symptoms? (3)What type of hypoxia would this be?
Published	01/07/2025	Why is blood flow through arteries in systemic circulation a much higher pressure than arteries in pulmonary circulation?
Published	01/07/2025	where is angiotensinogen produced?where is renin produced?
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Published	01/07/2025	Where is the mitral valve found?
Published	01/07/2025	Where is aortic valve found?
Published	01/07/2025	Where is tricuspid valve found?
Published	01/07/2025	Where is pulmonary valve found?
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Published	01/07/2025	What is the the key sign of chronic heart failure?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the the key sign of acute heart failure?
Published	01/07/2025	What is the sign of cardiogenic shock?
Published	01/07/2025	What is vasoactive?
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