Notes in Foundations 1 Exam 1

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Amphotericin B}} is a broad spectrum antifugals that {{c2::binds ergosterol → forming pores in fungi membranes::MOA}}.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Amphotericin B}} is used to treat Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformas, Aspergillus fumigates and Histoplasma capsulataum, Coccoid…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Nystatin}} is a topical fungicidal that {{c2::binds ergosterol, forming pores in fungal membranes::MOA}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Nystatin}} is a fungicidal that is used to treat oral candidiasis (thrush), topical diaper rash, and vaginal cadidiasis.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Flucytosine}} is only used in combination, typically with Amphotericin B. It is taken up by fungal cells by {{c2::cytosine permease not fou…
Published	10/03/2023	Flucytosine is a synthetic {{c1::pyrimidine (cytosine)}} antimetabolite used to treat Cryptococcus neoformans, some Candida.
Published	10/03/2023	Adverse effects of flucytosine are {{c1::bone marrow toxicity (myelosuppression)}}
Published	10/03/2023	Azoles are a class of antifungals that inhibits the conversion of {{c1::lanosterol → ergosterol}} via {{c1::14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51)::en…
Published	10/03/2023	the two classes of azoles are:{{c1::imidizoles}} - topical; less selective for fungal vs human CYP450s. (increased drug interactions, adverse effects)…
Published	10/03/2023	imidazoles are less selective and are used topically, including:{{c1::ketoconazole}} {{c1::miconazole}} {{c1::clotrimazole }}&nbsp…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c2::triazoles}} are more selective and used systemically including:{{c1::itraconazole}}{{c1::fluconazole}}{{c1::voriconazole}}{{c1::isavuconazo…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Fluconazole}} is a triazole available PO and IV used to treat {{c2::candidiasis (vaginal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal infections and as a…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::fluconazole}} is a triazole that has wide distribution, including CNS
Published	10/03/2023	Adverse effects of {{c1::ketoconazole}} include {{c2::fatal cases of hepatoxicity}} and {{c2::inhibition of testosterone synthesis → gy…
Published	10/03/2023	Generally, the azoles are {{c1::inhibitiors (and substrates)::inhibitors or activators}} of CYP450s (mostly CYP3A4).
Published	10/03/2023	Adverse effects of {{c1::voriconazole}} include {{c2::visual abmormalities}}, hepatoxicity, QTc prolongation, rash, and photosensitivity.&nb…
Published	10/03/2023	almost all of the azoles have {{c1::hepatotoxicity::adverse effect}}; most have {{c1::QTc prolongation}} and {{c1::GI upset}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::itraconazole}} and {{c1::voriconazole}} are triazoles with similar spectrum to fluconazole (candidiasis, cryptococcus) with addit…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::voriconazole}} has the most drug interactions via potent inhibition/substrate of CYPs {{c2::2C19}}, {{c2::3A4}}, and {{c2::2C9}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::posaconazole}} and {{c1::isavuconazole}} are triazoles that are used to treat {{c2::candida}}, {{c2::aspergillus}}, and {{c2…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::terbinafine}} and {{c1::griseofulvin}} are oral systemic antifungal treatments for mucocutaneous infections.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::terbinafine}} is an antifungal that {{c2::inhibits squalene epoxidase::MOA}} used to treat topical infections such as {{c3::onychomyco…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::griseofulvin}} is an antifungal that {{c2::distrupts cells' mitotic spindle structure::MOA}} used as a fungistatic to treat topical in…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::griseofulvin}} has MANY adverse effects including {{c2::hepatits}}, {{c2::headache/confusion/impaired judgement}}, {{c2…
Published	10/03/2023	Because of the notable adverse effects of griseofulvin, it has largely been replaced by {{c1::terbinafine}} and {{c1::itraconazole::tri…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::echinocandins}} are a class of antifungals that inhibits {{c2::cell wall synthesis}} by {{c3::inhibiting (1-3)beta-D-glucan synthesis::MOA}…
Published	10/03/2023	echinocandins are used to treat infections of {{c1::candida}} and {{c1::aspergillus}}--NOT {{c1::cryptococcus}} nor {{c1::muc…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::anidulafungin}} is an echinocandin that is metabolized by {{c2::degradation in the blood}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::capsofungin}} and {{c1::micafungin}} are echinocandins that are metabolized by {{c2::the liver}}
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of echinocandins includes {{c1::histamine release (causing rash, facial swelling, itching}}, GI effects, and hepatotoxi…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::capsofungin}} is an echinocandin that is used to treat {{c2::systemic and mucocutaneous::systemic or local}} infections of {{c2::candi…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::micafungin}} is an enchinocandin used to treat {{c2::mucocutaneous candidasiss}}, {{c2::candidemia}}, and prophylaxsis of&nb…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::triterpenoid}} is used to treat echinocandid-resistent infections of {{c2::cadidia}} and {{c2::aspergillus}} via {{c3::inhibition…
Published	10/03/2023	first line treatment for aspergillus is {{c1::Voriconazole}}
Published	10/03/2023	first line treatment for candida species is {{c1::Amphotericin B}} and {{c1::echinocandin}} with {{c1::azoles}} being good al…
Published	10/03/2023	first line treatment for cryptococcus neoformans is {{c1::Amphotericin B + flucytosine (5-FC)}}
Published	10/03/2023	first line treatment for Coccidiodies immitis is {{c1::Amphotericin B}}
Published	10/03/2023	first line treatment for Histoplasma capsulatum is {{c1::Amphotericin B}}
Published	10/03/2023	the IV/oral {{c1::anti-herpes}} agents are {{c2::acyclovir}}, {{c2::valacyclovir}}, {{c2::famciclovir}}, and {{c2::foscarnet}}
Published	10/03/2023	the topical anti-herpes agents are  {{c1::Acyclovir}} {{c2::Penciclovir}} {{c3::Docosanol}} {{c4::Trifluridine}} {{c5::Imiquimod}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::acyclovir}} is an anti-herpes agent that is {{c2::initially monophosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase (then triphosphoryl…
Published	10/03/2023	acyclovir is a {{c1::guanosine::nucleotide}} analog.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::valacyclovir}} is an L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir.
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of {{c1::acyclovir}} include {{c2::tremors, delirium, seizures::neuro}} and {{c2::reversible renal dysfunction&nbs…
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of {{c1::valacyclovir}} include {{c2::nausea, vom, diarrhea::common}} and these effects occur at high doses: {{c3::CNS …
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::famciclovir}} and {{c1::penciclovir}} are anti-herpes agents similar to acyclovir except they only {{c2::viral inhibit DNA pol::MOA}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::famciclovir::famciclovir or penciclovir}} is a pro-drug.
Published	10/03/2023	the anti-CMV agents are {{c1::Ganciclovir}} {{c1::Valganciclovir}} {{c1::Cidofovir}} {{c1::Foscarnet}} {{c1::Letermovir}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::ganciclovir}} is an IV anti-CMV agent that requires {{c2::triphosphorylation by viral protein kinase phosphotransferase (UL97)::M…
Published	10/03/2023	ganciclovir is an acyclic {{c1::guanosine::purine}} analog IV anti-herpes agent.
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of ganciclovir include {{c1::neutropenia}}, {{c1::fever}}, {{c1::rash}},{{c1::phlebitis}}, {{c1::co…
Published	10/03/2023	the pro-drug of ganciclovir is {{c1::valganciclovir}} used in prevention of infection in organ transplants.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::cidofovir}} is a {{c2::cytosine::nucleotide analog}} anti-CMV agent that is {{c3::phosphorylated to activate diphosphate}} a…
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of cidofovir include renal toxicity, {{c1::neutropenia}}, {{c1::ocular hypotony}}.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::foscarnent}} is an {{c2::inorganic pyrophosphate::analog}} anti-CMV agent which acts as a {{c3::non-competitive::competitve …
Published	10/03/2023	foscarnet is administered {{c1::IV and intraocular::IV, topical, intraocular, or intrathecal}}
Published	10/03/2023	toxicity of foscarnet include {{c1::renal/electrolyte}}, {{c1::GI}}, and {{c1::leukopenia}}.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Letermovir (IV and PO)::drug and administration}} is an anti-CMV agent that {{c2::acts as a terminase complex inhibitor (targets …
Published	10/03/2023	letermovir MOR is mutations in {{c1::UL56}}
Published	10/03/2023	spectrum of letermovir is {{c1::prophylaxis of CMV}} in CMV-seropositive adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) rec…
Published	10/03/2023	adverse effects of {{c2::letermovir}} include: {{c1::CYP3A4 inhibitor}}, {{c1::nausea/vom}}, and {{c1::peripheral edema}}.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::amantadine}} and {{c1::rimantadine (methyl derativate)}} are {{c2::viral uncoating}} inhibitors used to treat {{c2::influenz…
Published	10/03/2023	amantadine and rimantadine are anti-flu agents that {{c1::interferes with M2 protein→inhibits uncoating}}
Published	10/03/2023	influenza neuraminadase inhibitors include: {{c1::Oseltamivir}} {{c1::Zanamivir}} {{c1::Peramivir}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Oseltamivir}} is a {{c2::Neuraminidase inhibitor}} active against flu A and B.
Published	10/03/2023	Oseltamivir adverse affects: {{c1::Neuropsychiatric events}} (primarily pediatrics, elderly){{c1::Nausea (10%)}} {{c1::Vomiting (9%)}} {{c1::Diarrhea …
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Zanamivir}} is a {{c2::Neuraminidase}} inhibitor of influenza and is administered via {{c2::dry powder inhaler}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Peramivir}} is an {{c2::IV only::administration}} {{c2::Neuraminidase}} inhibitor used to treat influenza.
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Neuraminidase}} is a viral protein that cleaves the {{c2::haemagglutinin (HA)::viral protein}} linked to host {{c2::sialic acid}} causing&n…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Baloxavir marboxil}} is an oral pro-drug used to treat influenza that is converted to active from via hepatic enzymes hydrolysis {{c2:…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Baloxavir marboxil::flu drug}} May chelate with calcium products, decreasing exposure.  Avoid administration with dairy products and p…
Published	10/03/2023	Baloxavir marboxil inhibits {{c1::cap-dependent endonuclease activity}} of the {{c2::polymerase acidic (PA) protein::flu protein}}
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Ribavirin}} is a {{c2::guanosine analog::nucleotide analog}} anti-RSV agent that {{c3::interfers with synthesis of guanosine…
Published	10/03/2023	Ribavirin:side effects: {{c1::hemolytic anemia}}, GI, CrCl <50ml/mincontraindications: {{c2::pregnancy}}, {{c2::hemoglobinopath…
Published	10/03/2023	{{c1::Remdesivir}} and {{c1::Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir}} are treatments for {{c2::COVID}}
Published	10/03/2023	Remdesivir is a {{c1:: ATP analog::nucleoside}} pro-drug used to treat covid and competes with endogenous nucleotides for incorportation into rep…
Published	10/03/2023	Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir is a {{c1::oral protease inhibitor}} used to treat COVID.
Status	Last Update	Fields