Notes in 01_Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

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Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Acute kidney injury (AKI)}} is defined as {{c2::an acute drop in kidney function, commonly caused by acute tubular necrosis (ATN), secondary to …
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c2::Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)}} {{c1::Oliguria or Anuria}} {{c1::Nausea and vomiting}} {{c1::Confusion}} {{c1::Hypertension}} {{c1::…
Published	02/10/2024	Criteria of {{c2::Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)}} {{c1::Rise in serum creatinine by ≥ 25 μmol/L in 48 hours}} {{c1::Rise in serum creatinine by 1.5x in 7 …
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of {{c2::Prerenal}} Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Hypovolaemia (Haemorrhage, Burns, Diuretic use)}} {{c1::Shock (Sepsis, Cardiogenic)}} {{c1:…
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of {{c2::Intrinsic/Renal}} Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Glomerular disease (Glomerulonephritis, Vasculitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rh…
Published	02/10/2024	Causes of {{c2::Postrenal}} Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Obstruction of the ureter (Stones, Tumour)}} {{c1::Obstruction of the bladder neck (Stones…
Published	02/10/2024	Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Chronic kidney disease}} {{c1::Heart failure}} {{c1::Diabetes}} {{c1::Liver disease}} {{c1::Older age …
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of AKI and Indications for Renal Replacement TherapyRemembered as {{c1::AEIOU}} {{c1::A — Acidosis or Anuria (pH <7.15 or anuria for…
Published	02/10/2024	Two Most Common Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Causing Drugs {{c1::Aminoglycosides e.g. Gentamicin}} {{c1::NSAIDs}}
Published	02/10/2024	Blood Investigations of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Raised inflammatory markers (WCC and CRP)}} {{c1::U&Es (reduced eGFR and raised potas…
Published	02/10/2024	Urine Investigations of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio/Albumin:Creatinine Ratio}} {{c1::Urine output and flu…
Published	02/10/2024	Urinalysis may show {{c1::muddy brown casts}} in Acute Tubular Necrosis
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Ultrasound}} OR {{c1::Cystoscopy}} is done to investigate for Postrenal Acute Kidney Injury
Published	02/10/2024	ECG of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) may show {{c1::peaked T waves}} which indicate {{c2::Hyperkalaemia}}
Published	02/10/2024	Criteria for Staging of {{c2::Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)}}{{c1::Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)AKI Stage {{c2::1}} {{c1::Serum Creatinine 1.5–1.9x baseline o…
Published	02/10/2024	Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)AKI Stage {{c2::2}} {{c1::Serum Creatinine 2.0–2.9× baseline o…
Published	02/10/2024	Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Criteria for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)AKI Stage {{c2::3}} {{c1::Serum Creatinine 3.0x baseline OR an…
Published	02/10/2024	Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) {{c1::ABCDE assessment}} {{c1::Remember STOP Bundle (Sepsis, Toxins, Optimise, Prevent)}} {{c1::Classify AKI wit…
Published	02/10/2024	Bundle of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) ManagementRemembered as {{c1::STOP}} {{c1::Sepsis — septic screen and treatment (SEPSIS 6)}} {{c1::Toxins — identi…
Published	02/10/2024	Nephrotoxins that Contribute to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI){{c1::Gentamicin}}{{c1::NSAIDs}}{{c1::Spironolactone}}{{c1::ACE inhibitors}}{{c1::Metfor…
Published	02/10/2024	In hyperkalaemia, stabilise the myocardium via {{c1::calcium gluconate}}
Published	02/10/2024	In hyperkalaemia, shift the K intracellularly via {{c1::salbutamol}} or {{c1::insulin-dextrose}}
Published	02/10/2024	In hyperkalaemia, remove K via {{c1::diuresis}}, {{c1::dialysis}}, or {{c1::anion exchange resins}}
Published	02/10/2024	What is a Sick Day?When you are unwell with: {{c1::Vomiting or Diarrhoea}} {{c1::Fevers, Sweats, Shaking}}
Published	02/10/2024	Medicines to Stop on Sick Days {{c1::ACE inhibitors (e.g. lisinopril, perindopril. ramipril)}} {{c1::Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (e.g. candes…
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