Notes in 7 Acid Base

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Published	10/09/2024	Life is viable at pH of {{c1::6.8 to 7.8}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::High}} H+ can cause Vaso{{c1::Dilatation}} and Pulm Vaso{{c1::Constriction}}Can also cause HyperKalemia
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Low}} H+ can cause decreased Coronary and Cerebral blood flow
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Low}} H+ causes HypoKalemia
Published	10/09/2024	pH = {{c1::-log[H+]::formula}}
Published	10/09/2024	What is the main buffer of pH in the body?{{c1::Carbonic Acid}}
Published	10/09/2024	High pKa is a {{c1::Weaker}} Acid
Published	10/09/2024	Keeping pH stable has 3 lines of Defense:1. Buffer System2. {{c1::Lungs}}3. {{c1::Kidneys}}
Published	10/09/2024	listen 9:13 for the important point {{c1::}}whenever an H+ is excreted an HCO3- is re-generated
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Volatile}} Acids are those derived from {{c1::hydration}} of {{c1::CO2}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Aspartate::AA}} and {{c1::Glutamate::AA}} metabolism generates {{c3::HCO3-}}.
Published	10/09/2024	Renal net acid excretion is {{c2::maximized}} when very {{c1::little}}HCO3 appears in the urine.
Published	10/09/2024	Each {{c1::NH4+}} excreted replenishes a {{c2::HCO3-}} lost inneutralization of {{c2::non-volatile::volatile?}} acids
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Titratable}} acids are acids combined with urinary bufferssuch as inorganic {{c1::phosphorous}} - NaH2PO4
Published	10/09/2024	In the PCT{{c1::Glutamine}} → 2 HCO3- + 2 NH4 + Bicarb is returned the {{c2::blood}}.Ammonium is secreted to the {{c2::lumen}}.
Published	10/09/2024	Collecting Tubule NH4+ excretion {{c1::}} 9:28
Published	10/09/2024	Where is most HCO3- reabsorbed in nephron?{{c1::PCT}}⇒ the remainder is picked up at {{c1::distal nephron}}
Published	10/09/2024	Bicarb System Henderson HasselpH = {{c1::6.1 + log[HCO3-] / (0.03 * PCO2)}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Alkalemia}} is pH {{c1::> 7.40}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Acidemia}} is pH {{c1::< 7.40}}
Published	10/09/2024	Grab the Acid Base Cards from Pulm{{c1::}}
Published	10/09/2024	Compensation in Acid Base balance is always in the {{c1::same}} direction⇒ and pH will NEVER return to {{c1::normal}} even after compensation
Published	10/09/2024	A {{c2::high}} Anion Gap means hidden {{c1::Metabolic Acidosis}} is occuring
Published	10/09/2024	Effects of Metabolic {{c2::Acidsosis}}:CV ⇒ {{c1::Hypo}}Tension and {{c1::Arrhythmia}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Anion Gap::term}} = {{c1::Na - (Bicarb + Cl)::formula}}
Published	10/09/2024	Normal Anion Gap = {{c1::10 +/- 2}}BUT {{c2::Low}} Albumin will {{c3::shrink}} the normal value of anion gap
Published	10/09/2024	every {{c1::1}}mg/dl {{c1::drop}} inalbumin (below {{c1::4}}mg/dl),{{c2::decrease}} the anion gap by{{c2::2.5}}
Published	10/09/2024	Causes of {{c1::High}} Anion Gap {{c1::Acidosis}}, use mneumonic {{c2::GOLDMARK}}G{{c3::lycols}}O{{c3::xoproline – Glutathione depletion}} (Tylen…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Osm Gap}} = {{c1::2Na +( BUN / 2.8 )+ (Glu / 18 )}}
Published	10/09/2024	Normal Osmolar Gap {{c1::10-15}}
Published	10/09/2024	Causes of High Osm Gap:{{c1::Methanol}}Ethylene GlycolIsopropyl Alcohol.EtOH.Infusion of mannitol, sorbitol or glycine**** No Metabolic Acidosis
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Normal}} Anion Gap {{c2::Metabolic Acidosis}} is caused by anything that depletes {{c1::HCO3-}}HARDASS
Published	10/09/2024	Causes of Type 2 RTA finish {{c1::}}
Published	10/09/2024	Causes of Type 1 RTA finish {{c1::}}
Published	10/09/2024	Causes of Type 4 RTA finish {{c1::}}
Published	10/09/2024	To determin if Acidosis is due to {{c2::Kidney}} problems check for {{c1::H+ (NH4+) excretion}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Urine Anion Gap (UAG)}} = {{c1::Urine(Na + K – Cl)}}if Positive meansif Negative means
Published	10/09/2024	Urine Osmolal Gap = 2 x [Na + K] + [UUN mg/dl/2.8] + [Glu mg/dl]/18finishif <150 means {{c1::}}if > 400 means {{c1::}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::A Procimal}}
Published	10/09/2024	Possible effects of a significant acedemia includeA) Osteopenia• B) Hypotension.• C) Arrhythmias• D) All of the above.• E) None of the above{{c1::}} 1…
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Winter's}} Formula{{c1::Expected PaCO2}} = {{c2::(1.5 x serum HCO3)+(8±2)}}
Published	10/09/2024	Metabolic Alkalosis is normally {{c1::easy}} to correct by the Kidneys
Published	10/09/2024	causes of Metabolic Alkalosis that {{c1::persists}}1) Decreased ECF volume.• 2) Cl- deficit.• 3) Hypokalemia.• 4) Increased mineralocorticoids
Published	10/09/2024	Contraction alkalosis can be corrected by giving patient {{c1::normal saline}} bc it contains {{c1::Cl-}}
Published	10/09/2024	What are the systemic effects of metabolic alkalosis?Cardiovascular: {{c1::Low BP, arrhythmia}}Lungs: {{c1::Hypoventilation}}CNS: {{c2::Obtunded, deli…
Published	10/09/2024	Salicylates cause {{c1::Resp Acidosis}} first and then causes {{c1::High Anion Gap Metab Acisosis}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c1::Small}} Pulm Embolism causes {{c2::Resp Alkalos}}
Published	10/09/2024	{{c2::Large}} pulmonary embolism causes {{c1::Resp Acidosis}}
Published	10/09/2024	Pregnancy can cause {{c1::Resp Alk}}
Published	10/09/2024	• Salicylate intoxication causes –• A) Metabolic Alkalosis• B) Metabolic Acidosis• C) Respiratory Alkalosis• D) A and B only• E) B and C only{{c1::E) …
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