Notes in Sensation and Perception

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Published	12/16/2023	The axons of the {{c1::olfactory sensory neurons}} bundle together after passing through the {{c2::cribriform plate}}
Published	02/21/2024	What is sensation?
Published	02/21/2024	What is perception?
Published	02/21/2024	When is the method of thresholds used?
Published	02/21/2024	When is the method of scaling used?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the idea of dualism?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the idea of materialism?
Published	02/21/2024	What is panpsychism?
Published	02/21/2024	What is meant by the Just Noticable Difference (JND)?
Published	02/21/2024	What does Weber's law state?
Published	02/21/2024	What can be shown with Fechner's law?
Published	02/21/2024	What is Steven's power law?
Published	12/16/2023	In Steven's power law, what will cause the sensation to grow less rapidly than the stimulus?{{c1::If the expondent is less < 1}}
Published	02/21/2024	What is cross-modality matching?
Published	12/16/2023	Cross-modality matching is an useful variant of the {{c1::scaling method}}
Published	12/16/2023	In tasting experiments the molecule {{c1::propylthiouracil (PROP)}} is often used
Published	02/21/2024	What is a sine wave?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a Fourier analysis?
Published	12/16/2023	What can be described as 'changes in light and dark across space'?{{c1::Images}}
Published	02/21/2024	What are spatial frequencies?
Published	12/16/2023	What belief did Johannes Müller formulated in his influental book: Handbook of Physiology? {{c1::Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energi…
Published	02/21/2024	What does the doctrine of specific nerve energies states?
Published	02/21/2024	Rubbing your eyes will generate small spots of lights, while your eyes are closed.To what idea does this refer?
Published	02/21/2024	What are the cranial nerves?
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Published	02/21/2024	What is the first pair of cranial nerves?
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Published	12/16/2023	The second pair of cranial nerves, which arise from the retina and carry visual information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain.{{c1::Optic n…
Published	12/16/2023	The eighth pair of cranial nerves, which connect the inner ear with the brain.{{c1::Vestibulocochlear nerves}}
Published	02/21/2024	What does the vestibulocochlear nerves transmit?
Published	02/21/2024	What composes the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Published	02/21/2024	Which cranial nerves (3) are dedicated to muscles that move the eyes?
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Published	12/16/2023	This area of the cortex is engaged in balance, touch, and some auditory processing{{c1::Motor cortex}}
Published	02/21/2024	When does the cortex becomes polysensory?
Published	02/21/2024	What did Helmholtz conclude about sensory nerves in people?
Published	02/21/2024	When is a neuron excitatory?
Published	02/21/2024	When is a neuron inhibitory?
Published	02/21/2024	What was the finding by Otto Loewi in reference to the communication between neurons?
Published	02/21/2024	What ion rushes into an axon during neural firing?
Published	02/21/2024	What does an axon push out after Na+ enters the axon?
Published	12/16/2023	Methods to make pictures of the brain that reveal its structure and functions{{c1::Neuroimaging}}
Published	02/21/2024	What is Electroencephalography (EEG)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is Event-related Potential (ERP)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is magnetoencephalography (MEG)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is Computed Tomography (CT)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the critical factor for fMRI in order to work?
Published	02/21/2024	What can be measured by the MRI device and transforms MRI in to fMRI?
Published	02/21/2024	What is Positron emission tomography (PET)?
Published	12/16/2023	The most common radioactive tracer used in PET during perception experiments is {{c1::oxygen-15}}
Published	02/21/2024	What are the two ways to conceptualize light?
Published	02/21/2024	What is meant by a wave?
Published	02/21/2024	What is meant by a photon?
Published	02/21/2024	How can you treat light when it travels around the world?
Published	02/21/2024	How is light treated when it's absorbed?
Published	02/21/2024	What is hue?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the range of the visible spectrum for humans?
Published	02/21/2024	When does something absorb?
Published	02/21/2024	What is to scatter?
Published	02/21/2024	What is to reflect?
Published	02/21/2024	What is to transmit?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the cornea?
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Published	02/21/2024	How long does it take for the external layers of the cornea to regenerate?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the aqueous humor?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the function of the iris?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the vitreous humor?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the retina?
Published	02/21/2024	What is accommodation in the eye?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the focal distance?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the Diopter (D)?
Published	02/21/2024	What are cataracts?
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Published	02/21/2024	When does emmetropia occur?
Published	02/21/2024	When do refractive errors occur?
Published	02/21/2024	When does myopia occur?
Published	02/21/2024	When will hyperopia occur?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the fundus?
Published	02/21/2024	What are photoreceptors?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the macula?
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Published	02/21/2024	What happens when photoreceptors sense light?
Published	02/21/2024	What neurons are being stimulated by the photoreceptors?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the fovea?
Published	02/21/2024	What is eccentricity?
Published	02/21/2024	What four ways does the visual system use to adjust to changes in illumination?
Published	02/21/2024	What happens in dim lighting conditions to photopigments?
Published	02/21/2024	What are two main properties for rods in terms of sensitivity and recovery?
Published	02/21/2024	What are two main properties for cones in terms of sensitivity and recovery?
Published	02/21/2024	This cell is the most sensitive to differences in the intensity of light in the center and in the surroundings of their recep…
Published	02/21/2024	What five major classes of neurons does the retina contain?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the outer segment of a photoreceptor?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the inner segment of a photoreceptor?
Published	02/21/2024	What are visual pigments?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a chromophore?
Published	02/21/2024	What is rhodopsin?
Published	02/21/2024	What is melanopsin?
Published	02/21/2024	What is photoactivation?
Published	02/21/2024	What is hyperpolarization?
Published	02/21/2024	In which way do photoreceptors pass their information on to bipolar cells?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a graded potential?
Published	02/21/2024	What are horizontal cells?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the role of the lateral connections of horizontal cells?
Published	02/21/2024	What is an amacrine cell?
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Published	02/21/2024	What are the two pathways formed in the retina?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a bipolar cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a diffuse bipolar cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the function of convergence of photoreceptors?
Published	02/21/2024	What is responsible for the functioning of the rod system in dim lighting conditions?
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Published	02/21/2024	What is a midget bipolar cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is an ON bipolar cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is an OFF bipolar cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a ganglion cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a P ganglion cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a M ganglion cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a koniocellular cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is an ON-center cell ganglion cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is an OFF-center ganglion cell?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the effect shown in the image?
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Published	02/21/2024	What is acuity?
Published	02/21/2024	What is meant by a cycle in the research-area of vision?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a visual angle?
Published	02/21/2024	What determines the limits of spatial vision primarly?
Published	02/21/2024	What is a Sine Wave Grating?
Published	02/21/2024	What will we see if the cycles of a grating fall on a single cone?
Published	02/21/2024	How many cones per cycle do we need to be able to perceive the grating accurately?
Published	02/21/2024	Why is visual acuity much poorer in the periphery than in the fovea?
Published	02/21/2024	What is amblyopia?
Published	02/21/2024	What is minimum visible acuity?
Published	02/21/2024	What is minimum resolvable acuity?
Published	02/21/2024	What is minimum recognizable acuity?
Published	02/21/2024	What is minimum discriminable acuity?
Published	02/21/2024	What is spatial frequency?
Published	02/21/2024	What are cycles per degree?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the contrast sensitivity function (CSF)?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the contrast threshold?
Published	12/16/2023	Each retinal {{c1::ganglion}} cell acts like a filter. The respond best to a specific spatial frequency that matches it's rec…
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Published	02/21/2024	Where do the axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse?
Published	02/21/2024	What is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)?
Published	02/21/2024	What are the magnocellular layers of the LGN?
Published	02/21/2024	What are the parvocellular layers of the LGN?
Published	02/21/2024	Where do magnocellular cells receive input from?
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