Notes in Advanced Heart Failure

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Published	10/26/2023	Heart Failure is a {{c5::clinical}} syndrome with inability of heart to generate sufficient {{c1::cardiac output}} to meet metabolic demands of e…
Published	10/26/2023	Heart Failure can be systolic or diastolic dysfunction...Systolic Dysfunction→ reduced {{c1::ejection fraction (EF)}}→ increased {{c2::end diasto…
Published	11/02/2023	HFREF = Heart Failure with {{c2::Reduced}} Ejection Fraction..... EF ≤ {{c1::40}}% → {{c3::systolic}} failure: insufficient ejection fractio…
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Published	10/26/2023	systolic and diastolic dysfunction can occur with left and right heart failure, but HFREF and HFPEF refer to patients with {{c1::left}}-sided heart fa…
Published	11/02/2023	{{c1::NYHA}} Functional Classification of heart failure is based on degree of limitation of {{c2::physical activity}}*should be assessed on each visit…
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Published	10/26/2023	Pulmonary changes such as congestion and {{c3::edema}} are a sign of {{c1::Left}} Heart Failure *{{c2::hemosiderin-laden}} macrophages (know…
Published	11/02/2023	{{c4::Right}} Heart Failure: phsyical exam findings most commonly due to {{c2::left-sided heart failure}}other important causes include {{…
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Published	10/26/2023	{{c1::Echocardiogram}} is the main method of diagnosis of heart failure as it evaluates....→ function assessment (systolic and diastolic)→ valvul…
Published	10/27/2023	ACC/AHA Stages of Heart FailureStage {{c1::A}}: patients at the highest risk for heart failure (HTN, CAD, DM, family history of cardiomyopathy)Stage B…
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Published	10/26/2023	Four Pillars of HFREF Therapy1. {{c1::Beta-Blockers}} (**olol)2. {{c5::Mineralocorticoid}} Receptor Antagonists (MRAs, **one?)3a. ACE Inhibitors (…
Published	10/26/2023	Chronic Heart Failure: Device TherapyImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD)• 1º prevention of {{c1::Sudden Cardiac Death}}... look for abno…
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Published	10/26/2023	Functional Assessment of Heart Failure*for {{c1::risk}} stratification and evaluation of therapeutic response- {{c2::6}} Minute Walk Test: provid…
Published	10/26/2023	*{{c4::Swan-Ganz}} Catheter: invasive method of hemodynamic assessment of cardiac output and cardiac {{c5::index}} → Cardiac Output (CO…
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Published	11/02/2023	For Cardiogenic Shock (Heart Failure)...→ identify shock: hemodynamic compromise and end-organ {{c3::hypo}}{{c1::perfusion}}*identify precipitati…
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Published	10/26/2023	Clinical requirements for cardiogenic shock diagnosis:→ SBP < {{c1::90}} mmHg for more than 30 minutes→ mean BP < {{c1::60}} mmHg for more …
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Published	10/26/2023	Inotropes are meant for {{c2::short}}-term support and {{c1::increase::increase/decrease}} myocardial oxygen demand
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Published	11/02/2023	Treatment for End-Stage Heart Failure*ESHF with cardiogenic shock → tried inotropes/vasopressors → FAILS.... consider {{c7::cardiac support}} devicesl…
Published	10/26/2023	Stage {{c1::D}} Heart FailureLVAD: {{c5::Left Ventricular Assist Device}}→ artificial {{c2::pump}} used for end-stage heart failure (HFREF) patie…
Published	10/26/2023	after successful surgery, transplanted hearts last {{c1::13}} years on average
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Published	10/26/2023	Treatment of stable HFREF includes guideline directed medical therapy: {{c1::beta-blockers}}, {{c1::ACEi/ARB/ARNI}}, {{c2::MRA}}, {{c2::SGLT2-inhibito…
Published	10/26/2023	Acute decompensated heart failure treatment includes {{c6::diuretics}} (decrease preload) and afterload reduction.Cardiogenic shock sho…
Published	11/02/2023	a9148d79f5c34742b6b26530aac07157-ao-1
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