Notes in Asynchronous: Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	05/01/2024	What neurotransmitter is released by the motor cortex in the basal ganglia pathway (direct and indirect)? {{c1::Glutamate (excitatory)}}
Published	05/01/2024	In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the subthalamic nucleus lead to {{c2::excitation}} of neurons of the {{c1::globus pallidus inter…
Published	05/01/2024	The indirect pathway is inhibitory, and dopamine works at {{c1::D2}} receptors to inhibit the output of the indirect pathway,
Published	05/01/2024	9160ff694808435e84a5363846f30fee-oa-4
Published	05/02/2024	The cerebellum consists of a midline {{c1::vermis}} and two lateral {{c2::hemispheres}} on each side
Published	05/02/2024	The cerebellum receives {{c3::ipsi}}-lateral proprioceptive information from the {{c1::spinal cord}} via the {{c2::inferior cerebellar}} peduncle
Published	05/02/2024	The cerebellum receives {{c3::contra}}-lateral input from the {{c1::cerebral cortex}} via the {{c2::middle cerebellar}} peduncle
Published	05/02/2024	All of the inputs to the cerebellum are directed towards influencing the firing of {{c1::Purkinje}} cells
Published	05/02/2024	The only axons that leave the cerebellar cortex are those of {{c1::Purkinje}} cells
Published	05/02/2024	What is the neurotransmitter used by Purkinje cells (cerebellar cortex)? {{c1::GABA (Inhibitory)}}
Published	05/02/2024	What is the target of Purkinje cells (cerebellar cortex)?{{c1::Deep cerebellar nuclei}}
Published	05/02/2024	{{c2::Climbing}} fibers that enter the cerebellum originate from the {{c1::inferior olivary}} nuclei of the contralateral medulla
Published	05/02/2024	The climbing fibers that enter the cerebellum target excitatory terminals on {{c1::Purkinje}} cells
Published	05/02/2024	The deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial are {{c1::dentate}}, {{c2::emboliform}}, {{c3::globose}}, and {{c4::fastigial}}
Published	05/02/2024	Cerebellar circuitry begins with Purkinje cells that receive excitatory input from {{c1::climbing}} fibers and {{c2::parallel}} fibers (of granule cel…
Published	05/02/2024	Purkinje cells in the {{c2::lateral hemisphere}} of the cerebellum project to the {{c1::dentate}} nucleus
Published	05/02/2024	The output of the Purkinje cells is always {{c1::inhibitory::excitatory or inhibitory}}
Published	05/02/2024	Do patients with cerebellar lesions sway with their eyes open or closed? {{c1::Both :)}}
Published	05/02/2024	The globus pallidus is divided into a(n) {{c1::internal}} and {{c1::external}} segment
Published	05/02/2024	The {{c1::direct}} basal ganglia pathway facilitates movement
Published	05/02/2024	In both the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, neurons from the cerebral cortex lead to {{c2::excitation}} of neurons of the {{c1::striatum}}
Published	05/02/2024	What neurotransmitters are released by the striatum in the direct basal ganglia pathway? {{c1::GABA and Substance P (Inhibitory)::2}}
Published	05/02/2024	What neurotransmitter is released by the globus pallidus internus in the basal ganglia pathway (direct and indirect)? {{c1::GABA (Inhibitory)}}
Published	05/02/2024	{{c1::Inhibition}} of the globus pallidus internus results in excitation of the ipsilateral {{c2::ventral lateral (VL)}} nucleus of the thalamus (basa…
Published	05/02/2024	The {{c1::indirect}} basal ganglia pathway inhibits movement
Published	05/02/2024	In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, the neurons of the striatum lead to {{c2::inhibition}} of neurons of the {{c1::globus pallidus externus}}
Published	05/02/2024	What neurotransmitters are released by the striatum in the indirect basal ganglia pathway? {{c1::GABA and Enkephalin (Inhibitory)::2}}
Published	05/02/2024	In the indirect basal ganglia pathway, inhibition of the globus pallidus externus leads to {{c2::excitation}} of neurons of the {{c1::subthalamic nucl…
Published	05/02/2024	What neurotransmitter is released upon stimulation of the globus pallidus externus (basal ganglia pathway)? {{c1::GABA (Inhibitory)}}
Published	05/02/2024	What neurotransmitter is released by the subthalamic nucleus in the indirect basal ganglia pathway? {{c1::Glutamate (Excitatory)}}
Published	05/02/2024	Dopamine excites the {{c1::direct}} basal ganglia pathway through {{c2::D1}} receptors
Published	05/02/2024	Dopamine inhibits the {{c1::indirect}} basal ganglia pathway through {{c2::D2}} receptors
Published	05/02/2024	Putamen and caudate nucleus = {{c1::striatum::structure}}
Published	05/02/2024	Putamen and globus pallidus = {{c1::lentiform nucleus::structure}}
Published	05/02/2024	772cf273bcfc4fc99f89dc832595b5f6-oa-1
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Published	05/02/2024	772cf273bcfc4fc99f89dc832595b5f6-oa-3
Published	05/02/2024	The {{c1::thalamus}} is the relay center of the brain and is full of different nuclei
Published	05/02/2024	The direct pathway from the basal ganglia is {{c1::excitatory}}, and dopamine works at {{c2::D1}} receptors to achieve this
Published	05/02/2024	Explain what would happen if you had a lesion here (Globus pallidus internus)?{{c1::You would have decreased inhibitory action of the thalamus -> i…
Published	05/02/2024	Explain what would happen to a lesion here (STN)?{{c1::You would have decreased excitatory output to the globus pallidus internus -> less inhibitio…
Published	05/02/2024	What would happen if there was a lesion here?{{c1::You would have decreased inhibition of hte thalamus -> overall excitation of the circuit}}
Published	05/02/2024	In deep brain stimulation, we are trying to {{c2::inhibit}} the {{c3::STN}} or {{c3::globus pallidus internus}} to {{c1::promote}} the overa…
Published	05/02/2024	The {{c1::cerebellum}} acts as a control system for motor control
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Published	05/02/2024	{{c1::Medial}} lesions to the cerebellum will cause {{c2::truncal}} ataxia{{c1::Lateral}} lesions to the cerebeluum will cause {{c3::ipsi}}latera…
Published	05/02/2024	Cerebellar lesions are {{c1::ipsil}}ateral because there is double crossing over of the circuits
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Status	Last Update	Fields