Notes in L10 - Biochemical Basis of Anemia

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Published	11/02/2024	Erythroid maturation is regulated primarily by {{c1::erythorpoietan}} which is synthesized and secreted from the {{c1::kidneys}} in reponse to {{c1::h…
Published	11/02/2024	Erythropoietan levels are primarily regulated by {{c1::renal O2 levels}}
Published	11/02/2024	what are the basic steps in erythrocyte development
Published	11/02/2024	When an erythroid cell leaves the bone marrow it is always {{c1::anuclear::nuclear/anuclear}}
Published	11/02/2024	Reticulocytes mature for {{c1::48}} hours in the bone marrow and {{c1::24}} hours in circulation
Published	11/02/2024	how many RBCs can a single BFU-E give rise to
Published	11/02/2024	what are some of the effects of erythropoietan
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Reticulocytosis }}is the term for reticulocyte release from bone marrow
Published	11/02/2024	To have a normal erythropoietan effect, an individual must have:{{c1::Responsive bone marrow}}{{c1::Adequate nutrition}}{{c1::1+ healthy kidneys}}
Published	11/02/2024	what nutrients are essential in cell division
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Aplastic}} anemia is an anemia caused by a lack of hematopoietic stem cells
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Iron deficiency}} is the most common cause of anemia.
Published	11/02/2024	what cbc values are counts?
Published	11/02/2024	what are the indices of a cbc
Published	11/02/2024	what are the ranges for micro, normo, and macrocytic anemia
Published	11/02/2024	Increases in RDW are typically caused by {{c1::nutritional deficiencies}}.
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Anisocytosis}} is the term for unusual cell size distribution
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Poikilocytosis}} is the term for unusual cell shape
Published	11/02/2024	when is rdw often eleveated (what typical cause not general forms of anemia)
Published	11/02/2024	The lab value CR is calculated as:CR = {{c1::OR x HCT/normal HCT (about 45)}}
Published	11/02/2024	basic steps in identifying and classifying anemia
Published	11/02/2024	what are the types of microcytic anemia
Published	11/02/2024	What tests can be ordered if you suspect microcytic, hypochromic anemia due to an iron deficiency?{{c1::total iron binding capacity (TIBC)transferrinf…
Published	11/02/2024	what is a megaloblast
Published	11/02/2024	Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly presents with neurological symptoms such as a loss of {{c1::proprioceptive and vibratory}} sense as well as {{c1::glos…
Published	11/02/2024	macrocytic anemias have more hemoglobin per cell, why is anemia present??
Published	11/02/2024	Vitamin B12 absorption is mediated by {{c1::intrinsinc factor::glycoprotein}} secreted by {{c1::gastric parietal}} cells
Published	11/02/2024	Pernicious anemia is a {{c1::megaloblastic::MCV}} anemia caused by a lack of {{c1::intrinsic factor}}
Published	11/02/2024	when calculating RBC, what cells are included
Published	11/02/2024	In anemias due to nutritional deficiency (iron, vitamin B9, vitamin B12), what would you expect the CR value to be?{{c1::normal/low}}
Published	11/02/2024	What CBC value is likely to be the first to increase after correction of a nutritional deficiency anemia and how quickly can it be noted?{{c1::CR&nbsp…
Published	11/02/2024	the {{c1::kidney}} produces erythropoietin in response to {{c1::tissue hypoxia}}
Published	11/02/2024	reticulocytes are {{c1::larger}} than mature RBCs and contain {{c1::ribosomes}} and {{c1::mitochondria}}
Published	11/02/2024	MCV (mean corpuscular volume) is the {{c1::size}} of the RBCs
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::Microcytic Anemia}} – bone marrow cannot produce enough red blood cells and cells that areproduced are small
Published	11/02/2024	Iron deficiency impacts the ability to make {{c1::hemoglobin}} and can result from {{c1::dietary deficiency of iron}}, {{c1::poor iron absorption}}, o…
Published	11/02/2024	what are the types of normocytic anemia?{{c1::anemia of inflammationhemolytic anemiaaplastic anemia}}
Published	11/02/2024	anemia of inflammation occurs when {{c1::inflammatory cytokines}} suppress {{c1::erythropoiesis}} and shorten the lifespan of RBCs
Published	11/02/2024	Blood serum samples will contain high levels of {{c1::LDH}} in patients with hemolytic anemia
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::aplastic}} anemia occurs when the body stops producing new red blood cells after damageto {{c1::stem cells in the bone marrow}}.
Published	11/02/2024	the types of macrocytic anemia are:{{c1::Vitamin B12 deficiencyFolate deficiency}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::intrinsic factor}} is necessary for the absorption of vitamin b12 in the terminal ileum
Published	11/02/2024	Elevated {{c1::Methylmalonic acid (MMA)}} in blood or urine can indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency
Published	11/02/2024	When there is a deficiency of Vitamin B12 (or of folate), {{c1::homocysteine}} is elevated
Published	11/02/2024	vitamin B12 deficiency causes RBC precursors to remain as {{c1::megaloblasts}} which prevents them from entering the bloodstream
Published	11/02/2024	Folate deficiency can be distinguished from vitamin B12 deficiency because methylmalonic acid is {{c1::normal}} in folate deficiency, while homocystei…
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:RBC = {{c1::concentration of erythrocytes in whole blood}}
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:HGB = {{c1::concentration of hemoglobin in whole blood}}
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:HCT (i.e., packed red cell volume, PCV) = {{c1::volume % of whole blood occupied by RBCs}}
Published	11/02/2024	rule of 3 for healthy persons:{{c1::RBC * 3 = HGBHGB *3 = HCT}}
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:MCV = {{c1::total volume of the average erythrocyte aka size}}{{c1::MCV = (HCT/RBC) * 10::formula}}
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:MCH = {{c1::quantity of hemoglobin in average RBC}}{{c1::MCH = (HGB/RBC) x 10::formula}}
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:MCHC = {{c1::concentration of hemoglobin in the average erythrocyte}}{{c1::MCHC= (HGB/HCT) x 100 or MCHC = (MCH/MCV) x 100::formula}}
Published	11/02/2024	{{c1::RDW}} is a measure of the variation in red blood cell volume/size
Published	11/02/2024	lab values:OR = {{c1::% of erythrocytes that are reticulocytes}}{{c1::OR = (number of reticulocytes / number of RBC's) x 100::formula}}
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