Notes in 21 Developmental PHA

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Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Methotrexate: {{c1::Folate antagonism}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Aminopterin: {{c1::Folate antagonism}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Retinoids: {{c1::Neural crest disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Carbamazepine: {{c1::Neural crest disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Diethylstilbestrol: {{c1::Endocrine disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Bisphenol A: {{c1::Endocrine disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Phthalates: {{c1::Endocrine disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Thalidomide: {{c1::Oxidative stress}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Phenytoin: {{c1::Oxidative stress}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Misoprotol: {{c1::Vascular disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Ergotamine: {{c1::Vascular disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Cocaine: {{c1::Vascular disruption}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Enalapril: {{c1::Specific Receptor- or Enzyme-mediated Teratogenesis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the drug with its teratogenic mechanism:Valproic Acid: {{c1::Folate antagonism, Neural crest disruption, Oxidative stress, Specific Recepto…
Published	07/30/2024	T/FAll teratogens reach the baby.{{c1::FALSE}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Controlled Studies Show No RiskCategory {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):No Evidence of Risk in HumanCategory {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):No evidence of risk in humans and animal studies have failed to show risk to fet…
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Adequate, well-controlled studies show no risk to fetus in the first trimester o…
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Risk Cannot Be Ruled OutCategory {{c1::C}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):In animal studies, it showed no adverse effects on the fetus and no adequate wel…
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Positive Evidence of RiskCategory {{c1::D}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):There is obvious evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data. Ma…
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Contraindicated in PregnancyCategory {{c1::X}}
Published	07/30/2024	Match the description with its corresponding category (A, B, C, D, X):Studies in both humans and animals wherein there is positive evidence of risk in…
Published	07/30/2024	Alcohol intake that poses increased risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:{{c1::6}} oz/kg/day{{c1::2}} g/kg/day{{c1::8}} drinks/day
Published	07/30/2024	Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:{{c1::Maxillary::Maxillary/Mandibular}} {{c2::hypo::hyper/hypo}}plasia{{c2::Short::Long/Short}} palpebral fi…
Published	07/30/2024	The most significant teratogenic effect of ACE inhibitors: {{c1::Pulmonary hypoplasia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Pulmonary hypoplasia is most associated with which teratogenic drug?{{c1::ACE inhibitors}}
Published	07/30/2024	VR1) Cocaine2) Uterine blood flow{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Carbamazepine: {{c1::Neural tube defect}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Tetracycline: {{c1::Teeth discoloration, bone growth alteration}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Diethylstilbestrol: {{c1::Clear cell adenocarcinoma}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Lithium: {{c1::Eibstein's Anomaly}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Misoprostol: {{c1::Moebius Sequence}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: RV Outflow Obstruction1) Lithium2) Misoprostol{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Moebius sequence1) Lithium2) Misoprostol{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Moebius sequence}} involves the paralysis of CN {{c1::VI & VII}} due to {{c2::misoprostol::drug}} intake.
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Methotrexate and Aminopterin::Give 2 drugs}} are {{c2::folic acid antagonists::MOA}} that produces {{c3::multiple congenital anomalies::teratoge…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c2::Hydantoin}} Syndrome, caused by {{c3::Phenytoin Trimethadione::Drug}}, manifests as:{{c1::Micro::Macro/Micro}}cephalyMental retardationCleft lip…
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Thalidomide: {{c1::Amelia, phocomelia}}
Published	07/30/2024	Amelia and phocomelia are mostly associated with which teratogenic drug?{{c1::Thalidomide}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Valproate: {{c1::Neural tube defects}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Retinoids: {{c1::Isotretinoin Embryopathy}}
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::Isotretinoin Embryopathy}}, caused by {{c2::Retinoids::Drug}}, manifests as increased risk of:{{c3::CNS defectsCardio-aortic defectsEar defectsC…
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Iodides: {{c1::Fetal Hypothyroidism}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effects of Warfarin:1st Trimester: {{c1::Hypoplastic nasal bridge, chondroplasia}}2nd Trimester: {{c1::CNS malformation}}3rd Trimester: {{…
Published	07/30/2024	Hypoplastic nasal bridge and chondroplasia is associated with the intake of which teratogenic drug?{{c1::Warfarin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Anti-depressants: {{c1::Neonatal withdrawal symptoms}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Penicillamine: {{c1::Cutis laxa}}
Published	07/30/2024	Teratogenic effect of Streptomycin: {{c1::CN VIII toxicity}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics Safe in Pregnancy{{c1::::there are 9 listed in the lec}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the circumstance the following drug can be used:Vancomycin - {{c1::staphylococal sepsis}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the circumstance the following drug can be used:Anti-pseudomonal penicillins like Ticarcillin and Piperacillin …
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyTrimethoprim - has risk of fetal abnormality when used in {{c1::1st::1st/2nd/3rd}} trimester
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyRifampicin - may have an association with {{c1::hemorrhagic disease of the newborn}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the adverse reaction of the following drug:{{c2::Chloramphenicol}} - {{c1::Gray Baby syndrome:: characteri…
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the adverse reaction of the following drug:{{c2::Tetracycline}} - {{c1::tooth discoloration, enamel/bone h…
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the adverse reaction of the following drug:{{c2::Sulfonamide}} - {{c1::neonatal jaundice}}, and {{c1::hemo…
Published	07/30/2024	Antibiotics and PregnancyIdentify the adverse reaction of the following drug:{{c2::Ciprofloxacin}} - {{c1::fetal cartilage damage}} in anima…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Sedative Tranquilizers - {{c1::Barbiturates::Class}}Causes dose-related {{c3::global depression}} in the neonate{{…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Sedative Tranquilizers - {{c1::Phenothiazines::Class}}Causes Beat to beat variability, Extrapyramidal symptom…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Sedative Tranquilizers - {{c1::Benzodiazepines::Class}}Causes hypotonia and hypothermia
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Opioid Analgesics Drug: {{c1::Pethidine (Meperidine)}}Causes {{c2::neonatal respiratory depression}} {{c3::2-…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: General Anesthetics - Inhalational AgentDrug: {{c1::Nitrous Oxide}}Causes neonatal anesthesia, flaccidity, CR depr…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Neuromuscular Blockers{{c1::Depolarizing::Depolarizing/Nondepolarizing}} - Rapidly hydrolyzed in the maternal liver and…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Neuromuscular Blockers{{c1::Nondepolarizing::Depolarizing/Nondepolarizing}} - Poorly lipid soluble, highly ionized due …
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Local Anesthetics{{c1::Bupivacaine}} - drug with lowest placental transfer{{c1::Mepivacaine}} - drug with highest place…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Local Anesthetics - {{c1::Esters::Class}}Very rapidly hydrolyzed and rarely cross the placentaExample drugs: {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	Anesthetics and PregnancyType: Local Anesthetics - {{c1::Amides::Class}}Generally more resistant to hydrolysis and crosses the placentaExample dr…
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Delayed gastric emptying and increased GI MotilityEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::Variable bioavailability}}{…
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Increased Gastric pH and Mucus SecretionEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::Weak acid: DEC absorption (ex. aspirin), IONIZE…
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Increased Intravascular and Extravascular Volume(INC Total Body Water)Effect on PK/PD:{{c1::Lower plasma conc…
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Decreased Plasma Albumin, alpha-1 Acid Glycoproteins (AAG), and Protein BindingEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::INC free…
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Increased Fat AccumulationEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::INC Vd}}{{c1::Prolonged drug effects}}
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Altered Activity of Hepatic Drug Metabolizing EnzymesEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::Induction or Inhibition = Need to …
Published	07/30/2024	MATERNAL FACTORSPhysiologic change: Increased Renal Blood FlowEffect on PK/PD:{{c1::Drugs cleared by kidneys → INC elimination rate → DEC concent…
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORS {{c1::Efflux}} Transporter Effect: {{c2::LIMITS::Limit/Facilitate}} transfer of drugs from placenta to fetusExamples:…
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORS {{c1::Influx}} Transporter Effect: {{c2::FACILITATE::Limit/Facilitate}} transfer of drugs from placenta to fetusExamp…
Published	07/30/2024	FETAL FACTORSFetal First Pass EffectEffect:{{c1::Amount of drugs that enter the fetal circulation would be less}}
Published	07/30/2024	FETAL FACTORS{{c4::INC::INC/DEC}} Blood Brain Barrier Permeability{{c4::INC::INC/DEC}} ECF Volume{{c4::DEC::INC/DEC}} in Plasma Protein Concentration …
Published	07/30/2024	FETAL FACTORSBiotransforming enzymesEffect:{{c1::Decreased risk of exposure / toxicity}}
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORSUterine Blood Flow (UBF)Effect:↑ UBF → {{c1::INC::INC/DEC}} delivery of drug to placentaFactors affecting UBF: {{c2::Gestational…
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORSMaternal DiseasesDisease - Effect:Preeclampsia and Eclampsia - {{c1::DEC}} Fetal ExposureDiabetes Mellitus - {{c1::INC*}} F…
Published	07/30/2024	MECHANISMS OF DRUG TRANSFER ACROSS PLACENTA MechanismExamples {{c1::Simple Diffusion}}{{c1::Most drugs, Midazolam, Oxy…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that easily cross the placental barrier are:{{c1::Low molecular weight Lipid solubleNon-ionizedMinimally protein bound}}
Published	07/30/2024	QC: Albumin Concentration in the 2nd Trimester{{c1::A}}1) Fetal2) Maternal
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORSMolecular Weight500 - 1,000 kD (crosses placenta w/ difficulty)- {{c1::insulin, heparin, cephalexin::examples}}> 1000 (crosse…
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORSDrugs w/ Adverse effects:Highly lipid soluble drugs: {{c1::alcohol, nicotine, phenobarbital, midazolam, propofol::examples}}'Mod…
Published	07/30/2024	PLACENTAL FACTORSDegree of Ionization{{c1::ionized::ionized/uniozined}} drugs cross the placenta slowly and achieve very low concentrations in the fet…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Describe the factors below as seen on neonates{{c1::Slow::Fast/Slow}} gastric emptying{{c1::Irregular}}…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsAbsorptionIntramuscular absorption is proportionate with {{c1::muscle blood flow and surface area::what two factors?}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsAbsorption{{c1::IV}} - Preferred route of administration in sick neonates
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsAbsorption{{c1::Increased percutaneous absorption of drugs::Factor that}} leads to increased risk of toxicity to topical use …
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistribution: Describe factors below as seen on neonates{{c1::Decreased::Inc/Dec}} plasma albumin concentrationFeta…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistribution Decreased alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) leads to {{c1::Decreased::Inc/Dec}} binding to {{c1::basic::acidic/…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistribution Two factors that increases risk of developing kernicterus: {{c1::Presence of unconjugated hyperbilirubin…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistributionQR. Percentage of body weight in the form of water: (1) neonate (2) adultAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistributionQR. Extracellular water: (1) neonate (2) adultAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsDistribution Higher percentage of total body water in neonates is important in determining drug concentration at receptor …
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsMetabolism occurs mainly in the {{c1::liver}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsMetabolism - CYP 450 Enymes{{c1::CYP3 A7}}- Most abundant form in fetus{{c1::CYP3 A4}} - Most abundant form in adults
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsMetabolism {{c1::Phenobarbital}}- Drug given to mother that can induce early maturation of fetal hepatic enzymesEff…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsExcretionGFR at birth: {{c1::30-40}}% of adult valueGFR at 1 week: {{c1::50}}% adult valueGFR at 6-12th month: {{c1::100}}% a…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsExcretionVR. (1) Gestational age (2) Plasma half-life of drugsAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsExcretionVR. (1) Gestational age (2) Interval between drug dosesAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsSerious AE in Neonates{{c1::Lower::High/Low}} protein binding leading to {{c1::increase::Inc/Dec}} in free drug concentration…
Published	07/30/2024	Neonatal PharmacokineticsSerious AE in NeonatesFactors that lead to longer elimination half-life:{{c1::Reduced hepatic enzyme activity}}{{c1::Delayed …
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherVR: (1) Rate of elimination (2) Drug concentrationAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherVR: (1) Maternal plasma binding (2) Drug concentrationAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherVR: (1) Breast tissue blood flow (2) Drug transfer into breast milkAnswer: {{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherVR: (1) Drug undergo metabolism within breast tissue (2) Drug concentration in breast milkAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherVR: (1) Drug molecular weight (2) Drug concentration in breast milkAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherQC: Drug concentration in breast milk(1) Ionized drug(2) Unionized drugAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherQC: Diffusion to breast milk(1) Weakly acidic drug(2) Weakly basic drugAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs and Nursing MotherQC: Transfer to breast milk(1) Water soluble drug(2) Lipid soluble drugAnswer: {{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that affect Milk ProductionVasodilators {{c1::increase::INC/DEC}} milk production
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that affect Milk ProductionErgocryptine and Bromocryptine {{c1::decrease::INC/DEC}} milk production
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs that affect Milk ProductionMethyldopa {{c1::increase::INC/DEC}} milk production
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Chloral hydrate}} - drowsiness, lethargy, impaired sucking…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Chloramphenicol}} - gray baby syndrome, bone marrow suppre…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Diazepam}} - drowsiness, lethargy, poor feeding
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Heroin}} - enters breast milk and can prolong neonatal nar…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Radioactive iodine}} - Enters milk in quantities sufficien…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Lithium}} -Toxicity (tremor, lethargy, poor feeding, seizu…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Methadone}} -Withdrawal symptoms (irritability,tremors, po…
Published	07/30/2024	Drugs often used during lactation and possible effects on the nursing infant{{c1:: Propylthiouracil}} - Can suppress thyroid function in infa…
Status	Last Update	Fields