Notes in 04_IBD

To Subscribe, use this Key

Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	02/10/2024	Two main diseases under IBD include {{c1::Ulcerative colitis}} and {{c1::Crohn's disease}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Ulcerative Colitis}}, which falls under IBD, commonly affects the {{c2::colon}} and is rarely known as Backwash Ileitis when it affects the term…
Published	02/10/2024	Distinct features of {{c2::Ulcerative Colitis}}: (MNEMONIC){{c1::U — C — CLOSEUP}}{{c1::C – Continuous inflammation}} {{c1::L – Li…
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Ulcerative Colitis{{c1::Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis}}{{c1::Toxic megacolon}} {{c1::Increased incidence of colon cancer}} {{c1…
Published	02/10/2024	Crohn's Disease may affect any part of the {{c1::gastrointestinal tract}} but often targets the {{c1::terminal ileum}}.
Published	02/10/2024	Histologically, {{c1::Crohn's disease}}, which falls under IBD, is associated with {{c2::non-caseating granuloma}} formation
Published	02/10/2024	Distinct Features of {{c2::Crohn's Disease}}: (MNEMONIC){{c1::crows NESTS}}{{c1::N – No blood or mucus (less common)}} {{c1::E – Entire GI t…
Published	02/10/2024	Complications of Crohn's Disease:{{c1::Stricture formation}}  {{c1::Fistula formation}}  {{c1::Obstruction}} {{c1::Pyoderma gangrenosum (rap…
Published	02/10/2024	General Presentation of {{c2::Inflammatory Bowel Disease}}{{c1::Diarrhoea}} {{c1::Abdominal pain}} {{c1::Passing blood}} {{c1::Weight loss}}
Published	02/10/2024	Investigations of IBD (Both UC & CD) are:{{c1::Bloods}} → LFTs, albumin, ESR, CRP{{c1::Faecal calprotectin}} → molecule released by inflamed intes…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Faecal calprotectin}} is a molecule released by inflamed intestine, useful screening test for {{c2::IBD}}
Published	02/10/2024	Diagnostic Tests for IBD include:{{c1::Colonscopy with biopsy}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Abdominal X-ray}} is a test used to investigate for {{c2::toxic megacolon}} and to exclude {{c2::perforation}} in IBD
Published	02/10/2024	Presence of autoantibody in 75% of UC cases and 11% of CD cases called:{{c1::pANCA (perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody)}}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Bristol stool chart}} is a helpful chart to have around in the wards for patients to describe the appearance of their stool.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Truelove and Witts'}} criteria is used to classify severity of {{c2::ulcerative colitis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Presentation of {{c1::Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis (ASUC)}} {{c2::Presence of ≥ 6 bloody stools/day}}AND any of{{c2::Temperature >37.8…
Published	02/10/2024	In acute severe ulcerative colitis, a minimum of four stool samples are required to be done to detect 90% of cases of {{c1::C.diff }}
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::IV Corticosteroids (e.g. IV hydrocortisone)}} are the mainstay of therapy for Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis.
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Pancolitis}} is inflammation of the whole colon{{c1::Left colitis}} is inflammation of the left side of the colon{{c1::Proctitis}} is inflammati…
Published	02/10/2024	The course of IBD pathogenesis involves periods of {{c1::flare}} and periods of {{c1::remission}}
Published	02/10/2024	The aim of treatment of IBD is to {{c1::induce}} and {{c1::maintain}} remission using medication
Published	02/10/2024	First-line for Inducing Remission of Crohn’s Disease{{c1::Steroids (e.g. oral prednisolone or IV hydrocortisone)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Alternatives for Inducing Remission of Crohn’s DiseaseAdd {{c1::immunosuppressant medication}} or {{c1::anti-TNFa antibodies}} Examples: [1]…
Published	02/10/2024	First-line for Maintaining Remission of Crohn’s Disease {{c1::Immunomodulators (Thiopurines) e.g. azathioprine}} {{c1::Mercaptopurine}}
Published	02/10/2024	Alternatives for Maintaining Remission of Crohn’s Disease{{c1::Immunomodulators e.g. methotrexate}} {{c1::Anti-TNFa antibodies (monoclonal antibodies)…
Published	02/10/2024	First-line for Inducing Remission of Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis{{c1::Aminosalicylate (5ASA) e.g. mesalazine}}
Published	02/10/2024	In terms of IBD, Usage of Aminosalicylate (5ASA) e.g. mesalazine is not effective in {{c1::Crohn's disease}} only in {{c1::Ulcerative Colitis}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second-line for Inducing Remission of Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis{{c1::Corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone or budesonide}}
Published	02/10/2024	It is important to take {{c1::calcium}} and {{c1::vitamin D}} supplementation alongside corticosteroids to reduce its effect on {{c2::Bone Mineral Den…
Published	02/10/2024	{{c1::Azathioprine (AZA)}} and {{c1::6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)}} are immunomodulators used for maintenance of remission in both UC and CD
Published	02/10/2024	Patients on Azathioprine require blood monitoring due to significant side effects like {{c1::Leucopenia}} and {{c1::Hepatoxicity}}
Published	02/10/2024	All monoclonal antibodies e.g. Anti-TNFa antibodies can increase risk of infection like reactivating {{c1::latent TB}}
Published	02/10/2024	First-line for Inducing Remission of Severe Ulcerative Colitis{{c1::IV corticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone)}}
Published	02/10/2024	Second-line for Inducing Remission of Severe Ulcerative Colitis{{c1::IV ciclosporin}}
Published	02/10/2024	Indication of Surgery in emergency UC or CD when:[1] {{c1::ASUC not responding to high dose IV steroids}}[2] Complications such as {{c1::perforat…
Published	02/10/2024	Surgery can be used to treat {{c1::strictures}} and {{c1::fistulas}} secondary to Crohn's disease.
Published	02/10/2024	Options for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis that undergo Surgery:{{c1::Permanent ileostomy}} {{c1::Ileo-anal anastomosis (J-pouch)}}.
Published	02/10/2024	The Gastrointestinal Region that Ulcerative Colitis typically affects is {{c1::Colon and Rectum}}
Published	02/10/2024	The Gastrointestinal Region that Crohn's Disease typically affects is {{c1::Entire GI tract}}
Published	02/10/2024	Endoscopy in ulcerative colitis shows loss of {{c1::vascular marking}}, presence of {{c1::crypt abscesses}}, and{{c1::continuous uniform}} involvement…
Status	Last Update	Fields