Notes in 09 Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter

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Status	Last Update	Fields
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio generalities Slide Morphology: G({{c1::-}}) {{c1::Curved bacilli (like comma)}}Location in environment: {{c2::Salwater and brackish; biofi…
Published	07/30/2024	Which O antigen serotype of Vibrio cholerae causes cholera disease{{c1::O1 & O139 serogroups}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae & Vibrio parahemolyticus Important Associated Diseases:{{c1::cholerae: O1 and O139 for Epidemic and Pandemic Cholerachol…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Infective Dose: {{c1::10^10}}But infective dose is reduced in px w/ {{c1::achlorhydria or use PPIs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Media: {{c1::Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt, and Sucrose (TCBS) agar}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Incubation Period: {{c1::12 hrs to 3 days}}Vibrio parahemolyticus Incubation Period: {{c1::12-24 hours}}
Published	07/30/2024	Components of TCBS agar for Vibrio cholerae growth {{c3::Thiosulfate and citrate}} - {{c1::promotes the alkaline pH}}{{c3::Bromothymol blue}} - p…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Colony Morphology: {{c1::Smooth, round, and yellow}}
Published	07/30/2024	The body creates antibodies against the {{c1::O lipopolysaccharide::antigen}} of Vibrio cholerae
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Important Virulence Factors:{{c1::Heat-labile flagellar H antigen O LPS (O1 and O139 - cause epidemic and pandemic cholerae)…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Important Biochemical Tests:Catalase ({{c1::+}})Oxidase ({{c1::+}})
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae & Vibrio parahemolyticus is {{c1::facultative anaerobic::oxygen requirement}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae is {{c1::m::non-m/m}}otile
Published	07/30/2024	Cholera ToxinB (Binding) sub-unit binds to {{c1::GM1-ganglioside receptors}}A1 subunit binds and ↑ {{c1::Gs (cAMP)}} activityResult: {{c2::Na and K ex…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae & Vibrio parahemolyticus Growth Requirements:Arachae property: {{c1::Halophile}}pH: {{c1::8.5 - 9.5}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Severity1. Classic Cholera2. El Tor Cholera{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	El Tor Cholera is different from Classic Cholera in these categoriesHemolysin ({{c1::+}})Voges-Proskauer (VP) Test ({{c1::+}})Polymyxin B {{c1::resist…
Published	07/30/2024	T or FVibrio cholerae needs to invade cell to cause clincal manifestation {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibro cholerae O1 Biotypes: {{c1::Classic, El Tor::2}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Polysaccharide capsule1. Vibrio cholerae O12. Vibrio cholerae O139{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Severity1. Vibrio cholerae O12. Vibrio cholerae O139{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	Cholera Clinical Findings:Sudden onset general abdo symptoms (pain, nausea, vomiting, cramps){{c1::NO Fever, pus, or RBCs in stoolRice water diarrhea}…
Published	07/30/2024	Bacteria w/ “shooting star” motility{{c1::Vibrio cholerae}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae Diagnosis:{{c1::Shooting star motility in microscopyStool culture in TCBS or alkaline peptone waterMALDI-TOF}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae DOC: {{c1::Tetracycline}}Vibrio parahemolyticus DOC: {{c1::Doxycycline if it does not resolve within 5 days}}Vibrio vulnificus&nb…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Green on TCBS1. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 2. Vibrio cholerae{{c1::A. Yellowing is due to sucrose fermentation. parahemolyticus does not fermen…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio parahaemolyticus Enterotoxin: {{c1::It has none dingaling}}
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis should resolve within {{c1::1-4}} days, if not, take antibiotics
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio cholerae MOT: {{c1::Fecal-Oral ingestion through water}}Vibrio parahemolyticus MOT: {{c1::Contaminated rae fish or shellfish}}Vibrio vulnificus…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio vulnificus Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Sepsis (ingestion raw oyster). Bullous wound and soft tissue infection (direct contact to …
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio vulnificus Bacteremia/Sepsis Clinical Findings{{c1::Abrupt onset of chills, fever, hypotension, “metastatic” cutaneous skin lesions}}MOT: {{c2:…
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio {{c1::vulnificus}} does not have GIT infection
Published	07/30/2024	Among the halophilic vibrios, {{c1::V. parahaemolyticus}} and {{c1::V. vulnificus}} are probably the most commonly encountered organisms
Published	07/30/2024	Vibrio {{c2::vulnificus}} Wound and Soft Tissue Infection Clinical Findings:{{c1::Rapidly forms skin lesions which could havehemorrhagic bul…
Published	07/30/2024	Bacteria w/ “Darting” motility{{c1::Campylobacter jejuni}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Gastroenteritis, Complications: Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Reactive Arthritis or Reiter S…
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni MOT: {{c1::Ingestion of or contact w/ contaminated poultry, and even dogs}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Slide Morphology:Gram stain: {{c1::Negative }}Shape: {{c1::Seagull wing or S shaped}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] Crypt Abscesses1. Vibrio2. Campylobacter{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	What cause cell death upon invasion of Campylobacter in intestinal epithelial cells?{{c1::There will be an acute inflammatory immune response leading …
Published	07/30/2024	Two main virulence factors of Campylobacter that cause cell death:{{c1::Cytolethal-distending toxin (CDT)Lipooligosaccharide (LOS)}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Gastroenteritis Clinical Findings:Generalized abdo symptoms{{c1::Dysentery (blood-streaked diarrhea)Headache, malaise, fever}}Res…
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni DOC: {{c1::Azithromycin. If illness is prolonged, Erythromycin}}
Published	07/30/2024	Antibodies against Lipooligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni will crossreact to {{c1::GM1-ganglioside}} of myelin sheath in PNS which causes GBS
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Important Biochemical Tests:Oxidase ({{c1::+}})Catalase: ({{c1::+}})Ferment: {{c1::Nothing}}Positive for {{c1::Hippurate hyd…
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni is {{c1::microaerophilic and capnophilic::oxygen requirement}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Colony Morphology: {{c1::small, colorless or gray colonies, or large spreading colonies w/ no hemolysis on BAP}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter fetus Important Associated Diseases: {{c1::Bacteremia in pregnant women and immunocompromised }}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni Diagnosis:{{c1::Gull wing-shaped Gram (-) rods in Gram StainDarting motility in Dark-field or Phase-contrast microscopyStool…
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Slide Morphology: G({{c1::-}}) {{c1::Fusiform, spiral, curved w/ flagella}}
Published	07/30/2024	The various helicobacters can be divided into two groups:{{c1::gastric helicobactersenterohepatic helicobacters}}
Published	07/30/2024	Skirrow’s medium with Vancomycin, Polymyxin B, and Trimethoprim {{c1::H. pylori}}
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Colony Morphology: {{c1::Translucent colonies with 1-2 mm diameter}}
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Media:Agar:  {{c1::Chocolate agar or Skirrow's medium }}Transport media:  {{c1::Stuart's transport media …
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori is {{c1::microaerophilic::oxygen requirement}}
Published	07/30/2024	After entering the stomach, Helicobacter pylori utilizes its {{c1::urease}} activity to help in neutralization of gastric acid
Published	07/30/2024	Reaction performed by urease in gastric lumen {{c1::Convert urea into ammonia and CO2}}
Published	07/30/2024	Significance of production of ammonia in gastric lumen for Helicobacter pylori infection {{c1::Ammonia can be converted to ammonium - neutralizin…
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Important Virulence FactorsUrease: {{c1::Alkalinize gastric lumen}}Vacuolating cytotoxin: {{c1::Pore formation to cell death&…
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] VacA1. Pore formation 2. Cancer{{c1::A}}
Published	07/30/2024	[QC] CagA1. Pore formation 2. Cancer{{c1::B}}
Published	07/30/2024	H. pylori is found deep in the {{c1::mucous}} layer near the epithelial surface where physiologic pH is present
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Clinical Findings:Acute symptoms: {{c1::NauseaAbdominal pain FeverNO EPIGASTRIC PAIN}}Disease: {{c1::Chronic g…
Published	07/30/2024	There is ulcer formation from H pylori infection because of the {{c1::loss of the mucus secreting cells, decreasing protective layer}}
Published	07/30/2024	T or FH. pylori colonizes the gastric-type and intestinal- type epithelial cells{{c1::False, gastric-type only in stomach}}
Published	07/30/2024	Outer membrane proteins of H. pylori that facilitate cell adhesion:BabA: {{c1::binds to fucosylated Lewis b receptor on gastric epithelial cells}…
Published	07/30/2024	{{c1::CagA}} and {{c1::VacA}} are responsible for extensive tissue and inflammation from H pylori infection
Published	07/30/2024	T or FH pylori is invasive to gastric mucosa {{c1::False}}
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis:{{c1::Breath testingGastric biopsy → Rapid Urease testSerology}}
Published	07/30/2024	Positive test for rapid urease test in H pylori {{c1::Pink due to ammonium formation}}
Published	07/30/2024	What are the common characteristics among Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter?{{c1::Gram-negative Curved bacilli Catalase (+) Oxidase (+) Infections i…
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobactery pylori Important Biochemical Tests:Catalase ({{c1::+}})Oxidase ({{c1::+}}){{c1::Urease}} (+)
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori DOC:Triple Therapy for {{c2::7-14}} days:{{c1::PPIAmoxicillin Clarithromycin }}Quadruple therapy for {{c2::10-14}} …
Published	07/30/2024	Helicobacter pylori MOT: {{c1::Person-Person contact}}
Published	07/30/2024	Campylobacter jejuni grows best at {{c1::42}} C
Status	Last Update	Fields